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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14SM 

(716)  •72-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductlons  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
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reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checlced  below. 


n 


n 


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D 


D 


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Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  psllicul6e 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  Mure  serrde  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  film6es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microf  iim6  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique.  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


n 


D 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tachet6es  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppl^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


The 
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Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  faqon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


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1/ 
Lides 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  In  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  Illustrated  Impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  Illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


L'exemplaire  film«  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
ginArosltA  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
pubiiques  du  Canada 

Las  Images  sulvantes  ont  tt6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exempiaires  orlglnaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  Imprimte  sont  filmfo  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impression  ou  d'lllustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempiaires 
orlglnaux  sont  fiimis  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'Impression  ou  d'lllustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


lire 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  In  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  Illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
fiim6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cllch«,  11  est  flimd  A  partir 
de  Tangle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
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TIIR 


O^sTARIO  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE 

STEAMBOAT    COMPANY'S 

HAND-BOOK  FOR  TIUYELERS 

to 

NIAGAKA  FALLS, 

MONTREAL    AND     QUEBEC,      . 


AND 


THROUGH  LAKE  CHAMPLAIIT 


TO  SARATOGA  SPRINGS. 


lUustratcti  toitf)  Mufs,  anti  Numeroua  EnflraOings 

From  OriL'inul  Sketolies. 


BUFFALO: 

PUBLISHED    BY   JEWETT,    THOMAS    <b    CO., 
GEO.    H.    DERBY   AND    CO. 

186  2. 


f 


vapiipiL 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1852, 

By  J.  VA  N   C  L  E  V  E  . 

In  the  Clerk's  Ofllce  of  tlio  District  Court  of  the  Ui.ited  States  for  the 
Nortljern  District  of  New  York. 


4 


JEWKTT,  THOMAS  AND   CO. 

Sterootypers   and   Printers, 
BtJFFALO,  V.  Y. 


LAKE  OKTABIO. 


0K)i^i*Io  ^Kjc)  §i.  JL^toU^ce 


0teamboat  Companji. 


ir  the 


TRUSTEES. 

E.  B.  ALLEN,  President Oodensbvboh,  Tf.  Y. 

H.  VAN  RENSSELAER OonEicsBUBQH,  N.  Y. 

G.  N.  SEYMOUR Ogdensbubgh,  N.  Y. 

A.  CHAPMAN MoEwsTOwx,  N.  Y. 

E.  G.  MERRICK Clayton,  N.  Y. 

S.  BUCKLEY Watertown,  N.  Y. 

A.  MUNSON Utioa,  N.  Y. 

T.  S.  FAXTON Utioa,  N.  Y. 

HAMILTON  WHITE Sybacusb,  N.  Y. 

LUTHER  WRIGHT... Oswego.  N.  Y. 

HENRY  FITZHUGH Oswego,  N.  Y. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  COMPANY,  AT  OSWEGO,  K.  Y. 

J.  VAN  CLEVE,  Tbea9uee» 


4 


GREAT   NORTHERJr    ROUTE. 


1852. 


NIAGARA  FALLS  AND  MONTREAL 


LAKE  ONTARIO. 


Ontario  and  St.  Lawrence  Steamboat  Company 


Will,  daring  the  season,  ran  two  daHy  lines,  Sundays  excepted, 


BETWEEN  LE  WISTON  AND  MONTREAL. 


UNITED  STATES  MAIL  IINE,      ^  '    '  <^  '"^    '^(r 
Composed  of  the  large  and  commodious  Lake  Steamers, 

NORTHERNER Capt.  R.  F.  CHILD. 

ONTARIO Capt.  H.  N.  THROOP. 

NIAGARA Capt.  J.  B.  ESTES. 

CATARACT Capt.  A.  D.  KILBY. 

And  the  beautiful  River  Steamers, 

JENNT  LIND Capt.  L.  MOODT. 

BRITISH  E AIPIRE Capt.  D.  S.  ALLEN. 

BRITISH  QUEEN Capt.  LAFLAMME. 


GREAT   NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


One  of  thase  large  and  superior  Lake  Steamers  leaves  Lew- 
iston  every  day,  connecting  at  Oswego  witli  tlic  railroads  to 
Albany,  at  Ogdensburgh  with  the  railroads  througli  New 
England  to  Boston,  and  the  above  named  River  Steamers  to 
Montreal,  as  follows: 


m 


L. 


DOWN  IHEIAKE. 

Leave  Lewiston 3  p.m. 

Leave  Rochester .10  p.  M. 

Leave  Oawego,  connecting 
with  cars  for  Albany 8  a.  m. 

Leave  Saclcclis  Harbor  ...11  A.  M. 

Leave  Kingston . 2  p.  K. 

Leave  Ogdensburgh 8  A.  M. 

and  arrive  in  Montreal  at  5  p.  m. 
passing  the  Thousand  Is- 
lands and  all  the  Ra])ida 
by  daylight. 


TJF  THE  LAKE. 

Leave  Montreal 2p.x. 

Leave  Ogdensburgh  on  ar- 
rival of  cars  from  Uust»n,  7  p.  x. 

Leave  Kingston.. 8  a.  m. 

Leave  Saoketts  Harbor ...11  a.m. 

Leave  Oswego  on  arrival 
of  cars  from  Albany 4  P.  x. 

Leave  Rochester 9  p.  at. 

and  arrive  at  Lewiston  at  5  A.  x. 
in  time  for  Boat  for  To- 
ronto and  Hamilton,  and 
Trains  for  Niagara  Falls 
and  Uullalo. 


-   /     -■>   — )/ 


'yT 


N.  B. — Passengers  up  the  Lake,  by  this  line,  arrive  at  Niag- 
ara Falls  and  Buffalo  in  time  for  breakfast  and  morning  boats 
up  Lake  Erie  —  having  an  opportunity  to  see  the  Falls. 

Passengers  leaving  Buffalo  at  12  o'clock,  n.son,  and  Niagara 
Falls  after  dinner,  can  take  this  line  and  reach  Albany,  via 
Oswego,  next  afternoon,  at  2  o'clock,  in  time  for  cars  and 
steamers  for  New  York,  making  the  trip  witli  despatch  and 
without  fatigue,  and  at  less  expense  than  by  any  ooher  route 


>^dtftteiiAiliitftffti^Vi'HFiiittiiiy '  ^ 


^SlSfpiVf^,!^' : 


6 


GREAT   KOKTHERN    ROUTS. 


LAKE   ONTARIO. 


American  Express  Lme» 

Composed  of  the  ne^r,  large,  and  beautiful  Lake  Steamers, 

NEW  YORK Capt.  R.  B.  CHAPMAN. 

BAY  STATU Capt.J.  H.  LED  YARD. 

And  the  beautiful  River  Steamers, 

JENNY  LIND Capt.  L.  MOODY . 

BRITISH  EMPIRE Capt.  D.  S.  ALLEN. 

BRITISH  QUEEN Capt.  LAFLAMME. 

Expressly  adapted  to  the  navigation  of  the  Rapids. 

Will,  in  connection  with  the  railroads  between  Cape  Vin- 
cent and  Albany,  at  Ogdensburgh  with  the  railroads  through 
New  England  to  Boston,  and  the  River  Steamers  to  Montreal, 
form  a 

DAILY  LINE,  SUNDAYS  EXCEPTED,  BETWEEN 

lEWISION,  TOBOmt),  CAFE  VINCERT,  ALBANY,  OODENa- 
BUBOE,  BOSTON,  AND  MONTBSAL, 

As  follows:  ^ 


GREAT  NORTHERN  ROUTE. 


DOWN  THE  LAKE. 

Leave  Lewiston 12  m. 

Leave  Toronto 3i  p.  M. 

Leave  Cape  Vincent 4  A.  M. 

Leave  Ogdensburgh 8  A.  M. 

and  arrive  in  Montreal..  5  p.  M. 
passing  the  Thousand  Is- 
lands and  all  the  Rapida 
by  daylight. 


UP  THE  LAKE. 
Leave  Montreal 2  P.  K 

Leave  Ogdensburgh  on  ar- 
rival of  cars  from  Boston,  2  p.  M. 

Leave  Cape  Vincent  on  ar- 
rival of  cars  from  Albany,  6  p.  M. 

Leave  Toronto 6  A.  M. 

and  arrive  at  Lewiston  at  0  A.  M. 
in  lime  for  Boat  for  Ham- 
ilton, and  Trains  for  Falls 
and  Butlalo. 


U: 


.^/i 


N. 
D. 


I. 


N.  B. — Passengers  wishing  more  variety,  in  going  East  from 
Niagara  Falls,  tlian  is  afforded  by  railroads,  and  not  having 
time  to  go  by  way  of  Montreal,  will  find  the  route  by  the 
American  Express  Line  and  railroads  between  Cape  Vincent 
and  Albany,  agreeable  and  expeditious,  leaving  Niagara  Falls 
at  11  A.  M.,  going  via  Toronto,  and  reaching  Albany  next 
afternoon  in  time  for  cars  and  steamers  for  Now  York. 

Both  the  United  States  Mail  and  American  Express  Lines 
connect  at  Ogdensburgh  with  the  river  steamers  down  the 
Rapids  to  Montreal,  and  cars  for  Boston,  over  the  Ogdens- 
burgh railroad  to  Rouse's  Point ;  from  thence,  by  eitlier  the 
Vermont  Central  or  the  Rutland  and  Burlington  Railroads, 
through  the  vallies  of  the  Green  Mountains.  Those  for  Sara- 
toga, from  Ogdensburgh  by  railroad,  or  from  Montreal  by 
railroad,  take  steamer  at  Rouse's  Point  for  Whitehall ;  from 
thence  by  railroad  —  or,  those  wishing  to  make  the  delightful 
trip  through  Lake  George,  leave  the  Champlain  boat  at  Fort 
Ticonderoga.  .    ' 


11 


•s'lW.-W'WBi!!***'- 


!l!i 


GREAT   NORTHERN   ROUTE. 


I  i 


I  ! 


THE 

CAPT  J.  MASON, 
Will,  during  the  season,  run  daily,  Sundays  excepted,  between 

LEWISTON  AND  HAMILTON, 

CONNECTING  WITH   BOTH  THE 

mirm  nnm  hail  liii 

AND 

^Imerkan  (£xfxts0  fine, 

AS  FOLLOWS  : 

Leave  Hamilton  at 7  a.  m. 

Arrive  at  Lewiston  at llj  " 

AND 

Leave  Lewiston  at 1  p.  m. 

Arriving  at  Hamilton  at 5J  " 

N.  B. — Passengers  leaving  Hamilton  for  New  York  by  this  boat,  and 
taking  either  of  the  American  Lines  from  Lewiston,  reach  there  at  9 
o'clock  next  evening ;  and  those  leaving  Hamilton  for  Montreal  by  this 
boat,  and  taking  tlie  American  Express  Line  at  Lewiston,  reach  there  at 
5  o'clock,  p.  M.,  next  afternoon. 

GENERAL  OFFICES 

OF  THE 

Ontario  and  St  Lawrence  Steamboat  Company. 

Montreal Office  in  M'Gill  Street. 

Ogdensburgh Office  at  Railroad  Depot. 

Oswego Principal  Office,  on  the  Dock. 

RocHKSTEB Office  under  Eagle  Hotel. 

Niagara Office  Cataract  Hotel  Block. 

Buffalo Office  Western  Hotel  Block. 

Buffalo Office  American  Hotel  Block. 

At  all  the  above  Offices,  Tickets  can  be  Procnred. 

JTortljern  Hailroair, 

OFFICE  m  CATARACT  HOTEL  BLOCK,  NIAGARA  FALLS. 


GREAT  NORTHERN   ROUTE. 


9 


18  s  a. 


mffMM  »B  iliSMi  fMM 


n  ATTa 


AT>, 


SUMMER  ARRANGEMENT. 


Cars  will  leave  Buffalo  at 9  o'clock,  a.  m. 

"  «  12      «  M. 

«  «  4^     "        p.  M. 

Cars  will  leave  NiAGABA  Falls 6|      "        a.  m. 

«       «       «      ^   "    P.M. 

«  «  «  6  «  P.M. 

ONB  TRAIN  ONLY  ON  SUNDAY, 

Leaving  Buffalo  at 8J  o'clock  a.  m; 

Leaving  Niagara  Falls 5        "        p.m. 

WM.  A.  BIRD, 

SUPKEIISTENDENT 


^■f^wrr^'^^-^'^mr^fr- 


10 


OREAT  NORTHERN  ROUTE. 


ilii 


till  i 


111 


h 


j  i 


III 


ilMMi  fMM  fflB  LiWISWi 


IN  CONNECTION  WITU  THE 

LAKE    ONTARIO    STEAMERS 

AND 

Niagara  Falls  and  Buffalo  Bailroad, 

ISAM 

ELEGANT  LINE  OF  STAGE  COACHES, 

Running  over  the  Flank  Road  from 
LEWISTON  TO  NIAGARA  FALLS: 

Leaving  Niagara  Falls 8   a.  ai. 

«  «  10JA.M. 

"  «*  2JP.M. 

Leave  Lewiston  for  Niagara  FalIS|  connecting  with 
the  cars  for  Buffalo,  immediately  upon  the  arrival  of  the 
Steamers. 


This  line  of  Coaches  is  conducted  in  a  most  able  manner ; 
the  proprietors  having  spared  no  pains  or  expense  in  their  ar- 
rangements ;  and  having  obtained  the  services  of  obliging  and 


ri  i 


GREAT   NORTHERN  ROUTE. 


11 


sober  men  for  drivers,  every  care  and  precaution  for  the  com- 
fort and  safety  of  passengers  has  been  tlioroughly  attended  to 

Those  intending  to  take  the  Lake  Ontario  or  Northern 
Route,  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  Devil's  Hole,  Brock's 
Monument,  and  the  beautiful  view  (see  frontispiece,)  from 
the  brow  of  the  mountain  above  Lewiston,  in  coming  down 
at  the  regular  hours  of  the  stages  to  the  boats.  But  tliose 
wishing  to  spend  a  little  more  time  in  visiting  these  places,  as 
well  as  Queenston  Heights,  Battle  Ground,  and  the  great  Sus- 
pension Bridge  at  Lewiston,  than  is  afforded  by  the  regular 
coaches,  (as  the  boats  leave  immediately  upon  the  arrival  of 
the  stages  at  Lewiston,)  can  procure  them  at  any  hour  by  ap- 
plying at  tlie  Stage  Office. 

There  are  few  drives  surpassing  this  in  beauty  of  scenery, 
or  more  abundant  in  historical  incidents,  —  so  much  so  that  it 
may  almost  be  called  "classic  ground,"  —  and  pleasure-seek- 
ers should  by  no  means  omit  enjoying  it 

Parties  coming  up  Lake  Ontario  on  the  steamers,  and  wish- 
ing separate  carriages,  can  secure  them  by  applying  to  the 
clerk  of  the  boat 


N.  B. —  Travelers  intending  to  take  the  Lake  Ontario  route, 
can  have  their  baggage  checked  at  Buffalo  directly  for  Lewis- 
ton,  and  vice  versa,  relieving  them  from  all  care  of  it  while  at 
the  Falls. 


il!ii 


''- 


M  ! 


M 


12 


ORBAT   NORTHERN   ROUTE. 


(D©Wffi®(D  AMID  OTEA^STO® 


SUMMER  ARRANGEMENT— 1852. 


Trains  will  leave  Syracuse, 

At  6.10  A.  M.  from  N'ew  York,  Express  to  Boat  for  Ogdens 

burgh. 
At  1.45  p.  M.  from  Albany,  Expresses  to  Boat  for  Lewiston,  «fec 
At  5.30  p.  M.  from  Mail  and  New  York  Express. 

Trains  will  leave  Oswego, 

At    6.10  A.  M.  from  Boat  to  morning  train  from  Syracuse. 
At  10      A.  M.  to  connect  with  New  York  Express. 
At   5.30  p.  M.  to  connect  with  Mail  and  Night  Express. 


These,  also,  connect  with  trains  from  Syracuse  west.  Bag- 
gage can  be  checked  from  New  York,  Albany,  and  all  princi- 
pal stations,  to  and  from  Oswego. 

Tickets  can  also  be  purchased  to  and  from  the  same  pomta 

A.  a.  WILLIAMS, 

SUPEEINTENDENT, 


OREAT  NORTHERN  ROUTE. 


13 


^oh)e,  3W^feHoh)i()  &  6^p6  lliKiecoi 


r 


This  road  has  Rome,  (fourteen  miles  west  of  Utica,) 
for  its  southern,  and  Cape  Vincent,  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence, sixty  miles  above  Ogdensburgh,  for  its  northern 
terminus.  Length,  ninety-seven  miles — eighteen  inter- 
mediate stations. 

Summer  Arrangement  for  1852,  as  follows: 

Passengers  leaving  New  York  by  the  evening  trains 
will  reach  Rome  in  time  for  the  Morning  Mail  Train  for 
Cape  Vincent. 

Passengers  leaving  New  York  by  evening  boats 
will  reach  Rome  for  the  Noon  Express  Train  for  Cape 
Vincent. 

Passengers  leaving  New  York  by  the  first  morning 
train  will  reach  Rome  in  time  for  the  Evening  Local 
Train  for  Cape  Vincent 


v?<?^tff»?t»<*wewwf 


^JiKWi^^W/^SiSlS® 


14 


GREAT   NORTHERN   ROUTE. 


■'!  i 


Passengers  from  Niagara  Falls,  Hamilton,  and  To- 
ronto, by  taking  the  Morning  Mail  Train  from  Cape 
Vincent,  will  arrive  in  New  York  or  Boston  early  the 
same  evening. 

Passengers  from  Kingston,  Bay  of  Quinte,  and 
Ogdensburgh,  by  taking  the  Noon  Express  Train  at 
Cape  Vincent,  will  reach  Albany  in  time  for  the 
evening  boats  for  New  York. 

Passengers  can  leave  Ogdensburgh  by  the  Ameri- 
can Express  Line,  at  2  p.  m.,  and  reach  Cape  Vincent 
in  time  for  the  evening  local  train  going  east.  Or  can 
leave  at  8  p.  m.,  by  the  U.  S.  Mail  Line,  and  reach 
Cape  Vincent  in  time  for  the  morning  train  for  Albany 
and  New  York.  Steamers  will  ply  between  Cape 
Vincent  and  Kingston  alternately,  three  times  each 
day,  Sundays  excepted. 

Steamers  from  Montreal  and  Lewiston  will  touch  at 
Cape  Vincent  twice  each  day,  affording  the  most 
agreeable  and  expeditious  means  of  transit  to  Niag- 
ara Falls,  Toronto,  Hamilton,  Brockville,  Prescott, 
Ogdensburgh,  and  other  prominent  ports  on  lake 
Ontario  and  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Also,  steamers  ply  constantly  between  the  Cape 
and  Belleville,  and  ot,her  port  towns  on  the  Bay  of 
Quinte. 


M 


GREAT    NORTHERN     ROUTE. 


16 


The  line  of  this  road  passes  over  tlie  ancient  Indian 
trail  and  hunting  o-rounds,  between  the  head  waters  of 
the  Mohawk  and  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  Such  is 
tradition,  corroborated  by  the  frequent  discovery  of 
relics  which  could  only  pertain  to  the  red  man  in  his 
primeval  and  uncontaminated  state. 

Constant  experience  has  proved  that  wherever 
nature  presented  means  of  subsistence  and  physical 
charms  to  the  children  of  the  forest,  the  civilized  man 
has  never  had  occasion  to  hesitate  when  looking  for  a 
"  new  home."  Accordingly,  we  find  Jefferson  county, 
although  its  settlement  dates  back  less  than  sixty 
years,  filled  with  an  industrious  population,  and  a 
railroad  as  a  monument  of  their  enterprise. 

Tliis  line  is  not  marked  with  that  boldness  in  natural 
scenery,  and  charged  with  those  drafts  on  life  and 
limb,  which  characterize  some  existing  thoroughfares ; 
but  it  is  not  devoid  of  views  enriched  by  the  sub- 
limity of  space, —  of  a  sense  of  personal  security, — 
and  the  pleasurable  emotions  engendered  while  pass- 
ing well-cultivated  fields,  thriving  villages,  and  noble 
rivers. 

The  southern  terminus,  Rome,  at  the  present  day, 
is  too  well  known  to  the  traveling  public  to  need  par- 
ticular attention.  The  prestige  which  is  given  by  the 
passage  of  the  Erie  and  Black  River  Canals,  the 
New  York  Central,  and  the  Watertown  and  Rome 


16 


GREAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


Railroads,  through  it, — particvlarlt/  the  latter —  should 
bo  sufficient  to  gratify  ordinary  ambition. 

With  this  town,  however,  are  connected  many  in- 
teresting reminiscences.  Ninety-six  years  ago,  during 
the  French  war,  a  fort  was  built  just  in  the  rear  of 
where  the  Seymour  House  now  stands,  and  was  named 
Fort  Stanwix,  after  the  officer  wlio  superintended 
its  construction.  It  commanded  the  carrying  place 
between  the  Mohawk  and  Wood  Creek,  whose  waters 
have  different  destinations — the  former,  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  the  latter  Lake  Ontario,  by  way  of  Oneida  Lake 
and  Oswego  river.  Cannon  ball  and  grape  shot  have 
been  found,  in  grading  on  the  site  of  this  fort,  within 
tho  last  fifteen  years.  On  the  fall  of  the  French 
power  in  America,  in  1759,  Fort  Stanwix  passed  into 
the  hands  of  the  English.  At  the  commencement  of 
the  Revolution,  the  fort  was  in  ruins.  It  was  repaired, 
and  re-named  Fort  Schuyler,  by  the  Americans,  and 
occupied  by  them  as  an  outpost  On  the  incursion 
of  Burgoyne,  by  way  of  Lake  Charaplain,  a  detach- 
ment of  British  under  Col.  St.  Leger,  was  despatched 
by  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Lake  Ontario  route  to  the 
newly-named  Fort  Schuyler,  with  the  view  of  captur- 
ing it,  and  forming  a  junction  with  Burgoyne  at  Al- 
bany. Both  were  so  unfortunate  as  not  to  reach  that 
city.  St.  Leger  discovered  more  agility  in  quitting 
his  position,  before  the  force  of  Col  Willett,  than  he 


GREAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


17 


had  in  taking  it;  and  Rurgoync  was  violently  relieved 
of  his  command  at  Saratoga,  hv  Gen.  Gates. 

Home  at  pnstmt  coiitJiins  about  six  thousand  fivo 
hundred  inhabitants,  and  being  principally  emigrants 
from  New  England,  and  their  descendants,  are  a  well- 
behaved  people.  It  has  a  large  mercantile  business, 
several  churches,  and  first-rate  hotels.  • 

The  first  ten  miles,  after  leaving  Rome  by  the 
Watertown  and  Rome  Railroad,  the  prospect  is  not  of 
the  most  enchanting  kind,  it  being  a  dead  level,  and 
the  land  parting  with  its  "  first  great  crop,"  consisting 
of  sundry  pines  and  hemlocks,  of  calibre  rating  from 
a  telegraph  pole  to  a  fair-sized  mill  log.  If  shingles 
and  sawed  lumber  were  digestible,  there  would  need 
be  no  apprehension  of  a  famine  among  the  residents 
here  for  years  to  come.  As  it  is,  they  exhibit  signs 
of  good  keeping  which  would  lead  to  the  conclusion 
that  versatility  of  character  was  not  the  least  of  their 
qualifications  —  allowing  boards  and  shingles  tc  bo 
their  staples. 


i 


11 


't 


m\ 


18 


GREAT   NORTHERN   ROUTE. 


H^miTIElIimH  mMIL.m(DAID 


After  Thursday,  April  1, 1852,  Trains  will  Run  as  follows. 

*  GOING   EAST. 

Mail  Train  leaves  Ogdensburgh 8    a  .  w 

Arrives  at  Rouse's  Point 123  r.  > 

Express  Train  leaves  Ogdensburgh 2    v.^ 

Arrives  at  Rouse's  Point G%v.i 

GOING   WEST. 

Mail  Train  leaves  Rouse's  Point 8    a.  m 

Arrives  at  Ogdensburgh 12..')0  r.  m 

Express  Train  loaves  Rouse's  Point 2    p.  m 

Arrives  at  Ogdcnsburgli 6.55  r.  m. 

Mail  Train  Down  connects,  at  Rouse's  Point,  witli 
the  Mail  Train  of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  foi 
Boston;  and  for  New  York,  via  Connecticut  Valley 
railroads.  Also,  with  the  Rutland  and  Burlington 
Railroad,  at  Burlington,  for  Troy,  Albany,  and  New 
York — via  Hudson  River  and  Harlaem  railroads.  Con- 
nects, also,  with  the  Passu:,  '^slc  Tiiver  Railroad,  and  tho 
Champlain  and  St.  Lawrence  Railroad,  for  Montreal. 

Express  Train  Down  connects  as  above.  Connects 
with  Boston  and  New  York,  by  the  Lake  Ontario 
Steamboats,  via  Burlington  and  Whitehall,  Steam- 
boats will  leave  the  Railroad  Wharf  on  the  arrival  of 
the  Express  Train  at  Rouse's  Point,  at  7  o'clock,  p.  m 


GREAT   NORTHERN   ROUTE. 


It 


Mail  Train  Up,  connects  with  the  Lake  Ontario 
Express  Line  of  Steamboats,  which  leave  Ogdens- 
burgh  at  2  o'clock  p.  m.,  and  arrive  at  Niagara  Falls 
at  8  o'clock  the  following  morning.  Also,  with  lines 
of  steamers  which  touch  at  all  the  ports  on  the  British 
shore  of  Lake  Ontario. 

By  this  route,  passengers  leaving  Montreal  in  the 
morning  train,  will  be  placed  on  board  thf*  Luke  On- 
tario steamboats,  at  the  Railroad  Wharf  at  Ogdens- 
burgh,  at  1  o'clock  p.  m.,  and  arrive  at  Brock ville  and 
Kingston  same  afternoon,  and  at  Toronto  and  Hamil- 
ton the  next  day. 

Express  Train  Up,  connects  with  the  night  boats  on 
Lake  Ontario,  which  coast  the  Lake,  and  stop  at  all 
the  ports  on  the  American  side  of  the  Lake,  landing- 
passengers  at  Lewiston,  for  Niagara  Falls  and  Buffalo. 

Express  Freight  Train  Up,  for  Express  train  for 
Boston  and  New  York,  to  Canada  and  the  West,  via 
Ogdensburgh  Railroad  Line,  leaves  Rouse's  Point  at 
6  p.  M.,  and  runs  through,  without  stopping  at  way- 
stations,  and  arrives  at  Ogdensburgh  at  10  minutes 
past  4  o'clock,  next  morning. 

Express  Freight  Train  Down,  leaves  Ogdens- 
burgh for  Boston  and  New  York,  at  5.45  p.  m.,  and 
arrives  at  Rouse's  Point  at  4  o'clock  next  morning. 
This  Express  Freight  Line  connects  with  Express 
Lines  to  Boston,  via  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  and 
by  steamboat  to  Burling-ton,  and  thence,  via  Rutland 
and  Burlington  Railroad.     Also,  by  steamboats  and 


III 


20 


GREAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


liili!!!: 


liiiM 


railroads  for  New  York,  via  Whitehall,  Troy,  and  the 
Hudson  River. 

This  well-appointed  railway  commences  at  Ogdens- 
fcurgh,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  river,  at  the  foot  of  lake 
navigation,  and  extends  one  hundred  and  eighteen 
miles,  to  Rouse's  Point,  at  the  foot  of  the  navigation 
of  Lake  Champlain. 

At  this  point,  the  lake  is  crossed  by  the  celebrated 
bridge  from  Rouse's  Point  to  Alberg  Island.  This 
structure  is  about  three  thousand  feet  in  length,  and 
is  remarkable  for  the  peculiarity  of  the  swing  bridge, 
near  the  center,  by  means  of  which,  the  passage  of 
vessels  is  allowed.  The  Depot  at  this  point,  is  one  of 
the  most  commodious  and  extensive  in  this  state. 

Fort  Crawford,  at  the  boundary  line  between  the 
United  States  and  Canada,  is  also  situated  just  below 
the  bridge.  It  is  nearly  completed,  and,  when  fin- 
ished, vill  doubtless  present  one  of  the  strongest  for- 
tifications in  the  country. 

Lines  of  railways  and  steamboats  from  Boston, 
New  York,  and  Montreal,  connect  at  the  terminus  of 
the  Ogdensburgh  Railroad,  at  Rouse's  Point. 

The  White  Mountains  are  now  easily  reached  by  the 
Vermont  Central,  and  Passumpsic  railways.  Stages 
are  always  in  attendance  to  convey  passengers  from 
the  station  on  the  Passumpsic,  to  Faybyan's  White 
Mountain  House. 

CHARLES  L.  SCHLATTER, 

Chief  Engineer  and  Superintendent, 


GREAT    NORTHERN    ROUTE. 


21 


Jflif|f3  io  Jir^beieS^g;- 


A  few  hints  to  travelers  are  not  deemed  inappro- 
priate. 

For  the  purpose  of  saving  much  trouble,  and  many 
inconveniences,  from  complying  with  the  different 
regulations  of  the  various  lines  of  conveyances,  with 
regard  to  baggage,  we  recommend  travelers,  and  par- 
ticularly those  for  pleasure,  to  take  with  them  trunks 
of  convenient  size  to  withstand  the  rough  handling  to 
which  they  are  subjected. 

On  all  the  prmcipal  lines  of  conveyances,  baggage 
is  usually  checked  to  any  point  desired,  which  relieves 
the  owner  from  much  anxiety. 

Baggage,  while  under  check,  is  out  of  the  reach  of 
the  owner,  particularly  on  railroads,  hence  tlie  impor- 
tance, for  comfort,  to  have  some  small  tra\C'ling  bag, 
or  satchel — which  travelers  can  take  with  them  at  all 
times,  in  staterooms  and  other  places — containing  arti- 
cles of  clothing,  (fee.  for  daily  use.    The  difficulty  of 


,«■«"-■ 


22 


GREAT   NORTHERN  ROUTE. 


getting  at  baggage,  when  in  cars  or  baggage  rooms, 
for  the  purpose  of  taking  out  such  articles  as  may  be 
needed  every  night,  is  attended  with  much  trouble, 
and  at  times  not  practicable. 

Every  one  should  decide,  before  arriving  at  their 
stopping  place,  the  hotel  at  which  they  intend  to  stop, 
and  not  wait  until  their  arrival.  The  noise  and  solici- 
tations of  the  agents  of  the  various  lines  of  convey- 
ances, and  different  public  houses,  at  the  railroad 
depots  and  steamboat  landings,  are  apt  to  discompose 
even  those  accustomed  to  it,  and  the  inexperienced 
traveler  is  liable  to  be  misled. 

It  is  very  easy  to  obtain  the  names  of  the  public 
houses  from  directories  and  papers,  or  from  friends 
who  have  been  over  the  route  —  thus  avoiding  much 
annoyance,  and  increasing  the  pleasure  of  traveling. 
The  comforts  of  home  cannot  be  expected  at  all  times 
when  traveling ;  I  would  therefore  advise  my  traveling 
friends,  to  leave  home  with  a  determination  to  be 
pleased,  and  submit  to  the  many  trifling  annoyances 
which  necessarily  attend  nearly  all  modes  of  transit. 
A.  cheerful  disposition  begets  a  corresponding  spirit  in 
til  whom  it  may  come  in  contact  with ;  and  the  proof 
of  this  will  universally  be  found,  whether  it  comes  in 
contact  with  steamboat  captains,  stewards,  conductors^ 
or  ordinary  passengers. 


m 


\ 


HAND-BOOK  FOE  TRAVELERS. 


*:i 


•W«»KlS»«n|JS«ii3«^^.,, 


Jf{li]3~£>ooi{  foir  Ii'j(bciel*3 


TO 


3lliagnra  /iillu,  Elontrnii,  (^luhn, 

Xnte  Cjinniplnin,  laratngn;  ku 


THE  route  from  Niagara  Falls  to  Montreal, 
and  Quebec,  by  way  of  Lake  Ontario  and  the 
River  St.  Lawrence,  has  now  become  one  of  the 
favorite  summer  excursions  so  indulged  in  by  all 
classes  of  the  American  people,  that  their  Canadian 
neighbors  have  named  them  the  "traveling  nation." 

In  the  "  Guide  Books "  of  the  day,  this  route 
receives  a  casual  mention,  like  hundreds  of  others; 
but  the  peculiar  merits  of  it  have  not  been  pointed 
out  and  enlarged  upon. 

In  the  first  place,  there  are  no  steamers  in  the 
world  that  rank  higher  than  those  belonging  to  the 

<DntarCo  anti  &t  ILatDtente  Sbtcamboat  €o. 

and  comprising  the  two  American  lines — the 

CSntteti  Sbtates  i»a(l  SLtne, 
2 


20 


AMERICAN    STEAMERS. 


lillli 


Ilii 


ii" 


■;: 


:!hi 


I!! 


running  on   the   Canadian  side. 


running  on  the  American  side  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  the 

dmerfcan  JSvpxtsn  Hfne. 

These  boats  arc 
constructed  in  the  most  substantial  manner;  the 
utmost  pjiins  are  taken  in  the  manufocture  of  their 
engines,  and  though  "  hist,  not  least,"  the  selection  of 
the  officers  in  command,  the  enoineers,  and  all  con- 
cerned  in  their  navigation,  is  made  with  the  strictest 
reference  to  their  fitness  and  qualifications  for  the  sta- 
tions they  are  to  hold.  As  a  proof  of  the  care  and  skill 
with  which  the  American  steamers  have  always  been 
conducted  on  these  waters,  it  can  be  said  of  them, 
what  perhaps  can  not  be  said  of  any  other  Une  of 
steamers  or  railroad  in  the  world,  of  equal  extent  — 
that  there  has  never  occurred  an  accident  hy  zohich 
loss  of  life  was  occasioned. 

The  Canadians  are  trying  the  experiment  of  run- 
ning boats  adapted  to  the  navigation  of  the  river 
below  Ogdensburg,  upon  the  Lake  also.  This  is 
considered  by  many  well  acqumnted  with  lake  and 
river  navigation,  as  not  practicable  with  a  due  regard 
to  safety ;  as  vessels  of  so  light  draught  of  water,  as 
are  necessary  to  run  the  Rapids  with  safety,  are 
thought  not  suitable  for  the  Lake  navigation;  and 
if  they  are  built  of  sufficient  draught  to  adapt  them 
for  tlie  Lake,  they  may  be  considered  unsafe  for  the 


;:!:  ii 
H'i 


\ 


TRACES     OF    PIONEERS. 


9 


Rupids.  The  Ontario  and  St.  Lawrence  Sie/  a 
Boat  Co.  have  taken  this  view  of  the  matter,  nul 
built  their  steamers  accordingly,  having  hirge,  strong- 
ly-built ones  for  the  Lake,  and  others  of  o  light 
draught  for  the  Rapids. 

In  the  second  place,  no  route  in  the  United  States 
is  more  replete  with  natural  interest,  or  more  abund- 
ant in  thrilling  historical  associations.  The  settlement 
of  many  of  the  towns  on  this  route,  date  back  to  the 
time  of  the  occupation  of  the  country  by  the  French. 
This  was  also  a  favorite  "hunting  ground"  of  the 
Indians;  and  many  were  the  battles  fought  before 
they  would  give  up  possession  of  the  pleasant  coun- 
tiy  of  the  Niagara  and  St.  Lawrence. 

PIcre  may  be  traced  records  of  the  labors  of  the 
Jesuits,  those  pioneers  of  civilization  —  persevering 
men,  who,  undaunted  by  privations  and  difficulties, 
endeavored  to  spread  their  religion  among  the  differ- 
ent Indian  tribes.  The  long  contest  between  England 
and  France  finally  terminating  in  the  conquest  of 
Canada,  and  the  total  destruction  of  French  sove- 
reignty on  this  continent,  furnished  many  a  battle- 
field on  this  frontier,  and  caused  it  to  be  again  and 
ao'ain  delusvcd  with  blood.  The  constant  struffole 
between  these  parties,  the  attempts  of  each  to  enlist 
the  sympathies  and  assistance  of  their  Indian  neigh- 
bors, and  the  cruelties  enacted  by  them,  would  furnish 


v^ 


,.!«?m!S?«?.wrafSj()ffjWK5BPrt.55j^^ 


28 


GUIDE     FOR     THE     ROUTE. 


matter  for  many  a  tale.     Volumes  might  be  filled 
with  these  legends  and  traditionary  stories. 

It  has  been  thought  advisable  to  compile  a  small 
"  Guide  "  for  this  route  exclusively,  in  order  to  give 
travelers  a  short  sketch  of  the  most  interesting  points. 
The  dates  have  been  obtained  from  the  most  rehable 
sources,  many  of  them  being  taken  from  copies  ot 
the  original  documents.  It  is  hoped  this  unpretend- 
ing volume  may  serve  to  amuse  thoFC  passing  over 
the  route,  as  well  as  to  induce  others  to  take  the  trip. 


\ 


CITY     OP     BUFFALO. 


2P 


BUFFALO. 


t-KjU^lLJ 


This  is  the  place  from  which  the  "  Northern  Tour  " 
commences. 

Buffalo  was  first  settled  in  1790;  in  1798  it  con- 
tained eight  houses.  Except  being  the  place  where 
Indian  councils  were  frequently  held,  nothing  of 
interest  occurred  here  till  the  breaking  out  of  the 
war  between  this  country  and  Great  Britain. 

On  the  30th  of  Dec.  1812,  Buffalo  and  Black 
Rock,  both  of  them  flourishing  villages,  were  burned 
by  the  British  and  Indian*.  In  Buffalo  but  two 
buildings,  a  dwelling  house  and  blacksmith  shop,  were 
suffered  to  stand. 


*  , 


30 


IIUINS     OF     FOUT     EKIB. 


i;iii 


In  1822-23  the  "  Supeuiou  "  was  built,  oiiJ  was 
tho  first  stcambout  that  ever  paijsed  out  of  Buii'alo 
Creek. 

The  first  American  vessel  on  Lake  Erie  was  built 
in  17D7,  near  Erie,  Pa.,  and  was  called  the  "Wasfi- 
INGTON."  She  navigated  this  Lake  but  enc  season, 
and  was  then  sold  to  a  Canadian,  who  took  her  out 
of  the  water  at  Chippewa,  and  placed  her  upon  truck 
wheels,  drawn  by  oxen,  and  in  this  way  conveyed 
her  over  the  Portage  to  Queenstown,  where  she  was 
agfiin  launched.  She  sailed  for  Kingston,  but  was 
never  heard  of  after  leaving  the  Niagara  River. 

Buflfalo  is  now  a  city  of  about  t50,000  inhabitants, 
and  is  truly  the  "  Queen  City  of  the  Lakes.'* 


RUIKS    OF    VOUT    ERIE. 


Almost  opposite  Buffalo,  on  the  Canadian  shore, 
can  be  seen  the  ruins  of  Fort  Erie.  This  Fort  was 
taken  on  the  27th  of  May  1813,  by  the  Americans 
under  Gen.  Preston,  afterward  governor  of  Virginia, 
then  in  command  of  Black  Rock. 


I 


BLACK     HOCK. 


31 


The  Enolisli  obtaiiit'd  possession  of  it,  and  it  \v;is 
agiiin  captured  by  the  Americans  on  the  3d  July 
1814.  A  short  time  afterward  it  was  besiened  by  the 
Englislj,  under  Lieut.  Genend  Dhummond.  After 
a  sieg(  of  fifty  days,  General  Buown  determined  to 
make  a  sortie;  this  was  accordingly  done  on  the 
l7th  September.  So  great  was  the  IJritish  loss,  that 
the  siege  was  abandoned,  and  General  Dkummond 
broke  up  bis  camp,  and  retired  to  Chippewa. 

There  is  a  railroad  from  Buft'alo  to  Niagara  Falls, 
a  distance  of  twenty-two  miles — which  is  usually  run 
in  an  hour — passing  a  large  portion  of  the  way  upon 
the  bank  of  the  Niagara  River.  Just  after  leaving 
Buffalo,  a  military  work  is  passed  upon  the  banks  of 
tlie  river  Niagara,  belonging  to  the  United  States,  and 
called  Fort  Pouter,  in  honor  of  the  late  General 
Peter  B.  Porter. 

Black  Rock  is  a  small  village  situated  upon  the 
river,  and  possessing  a  good  hai'bor.  The  first  steam- 
boat that  navigated  lake  Erie,  called  "  Walk  in  tub 
Water,"  was  built  at  this  place,  in  1818. 


82 


BURNT     SHIP     BAY. 


The  cars  make  a  short  stop  at  the  village  of 
ToNAWANDA,  situated  at  the  junction  of  a  small  stream 
of  the  same  name,  with  the  Niagara.  The  railroad 
crosses  this  stream,  and  also  the  Erie  canal. 

Opposite  Tonawanda  is  Grand  Isi^^nd,  about  twelve 
miles  long.  There  is  a  small  bay  at  the  foot  of  it 
called  "Burnt  Ship  Bay,"  deriving  its  name  from 
the  following  incident: 

After  the  capture  of  Quebec,  and  the  consequent 
cession  of  this  country  to  the  English,  the  French 
at  Schlosser  determining  that  their  vessels  should 
not  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  put  into  this 
bay,  and  set  fire  to  them.  Within  tlie  last  few 
years  persons  have  succeeded  in  bringing*  up  from 
the  remains  of  these  vessels,  eannon-shot,  pieces  of 
iron,  &c. 

Between  Tonawanda  and  the  Falls,  the  railroad 
crosses  a  small  stream  called  Cayuga  Creek.  It  was 
near  this  that,  in  1679,  La  Salle  built  the  "Griffin," 
the  vessel  which,  one  hundred  and  seventy-three 
years  ago,  first  sailed  upon  the  western  Lakes.  La 
Salle  and  Father  Hennepin  embarked  in  her,  and 
set  sail  upon  a  voyage  of  discovery;  they,  however 
left  her  at  Mackinac,  and  the  Griffin  proceeded  on 
her  voyage,  reached  Green  Bay,  took  in  a  cargo 
of  rich  furs,  started  on  her  return,  and  was  nevci 
lieard  of  after. 


\ 


BATTLE     NEAR    CHIPPEWA. 


3.'i 


8CUL0SSKU 


^ 


At  ScnLOSSER,  two  miles  above  the  Falls,  Wcos  an 
old  French  fort;  this  pjissed  into  the  hands  of  the 
English,  and  an  old  chimney  is  still  standing  which 
belonged  to  their  mess-house. 

Chippewa,  a  small  Canadian  village  is  directly 
opposite  this  place.  Just  above  the  village  are  the 
Plains  of  Chippewa.  This  was  the  battle  giound  on 
the  5th  of  July,  1814,  of  the  Americans  under  General 
Brown,  and  the  English  commanded  by  General  Rial. 
At  this  place  two  small  streams  empty  into  the 
Niagara;  the  upper  one  is  called  Street's,  and  the 
lower  and  larger  Chippewa  Creek.  The  English 
were  posted  behind  and  below  the  Chippewa;  the 
Americans  occupied  a  position  near  Street's  Creek; 
both  streams  were  crossed  by  bridges.  About  noon 
a  party  of  British,  militia  and  Indians,  began  t) 
annoy    the    American    picqucts,    soon    after    which 


34 


BATTLE     OF     C II I P  P E  WA . 


Goncial  Porter,  with  a  force  of  volunteers,  mililia, 
and  friendly  Indians  of  the  "Six  Nations,"  attacked 
them.     They  at   first   gave  way;   but   hearing   that 
General  Rial  was  adNancino-  with  a  larQO  force,  thev 
rallied,   and   again   attacked    the    Americans.      This 
was  about  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon.     "  General 
Scott  was  ordered  to  their  assistance,  and  was  soon 
engaged  in  conflict  with  a  superior  force.     At  this 
moment  General  Porter's  command  had  given  way, 
and  fled  in  every  direction,  notwithstanding  his  per- 
sonal gallantry  and  great  exertions  to  stay  their  flight." 
"  The  retreat  of  the  volunteers  caused  the  left  flank 
of  General  Scott's  brigade  to  be  very  much  exposed. 
Major  Jessup  ordered  his  battalion  *  to  support  arms 
and  advance,*  and  so  galling  a  discharge  was  poured 
upon  the  enemy  as  to  cause  them  to  retire."  *     The 
enemy  retreated  across  the  Chippewn,  hotly  pursued 
by   General   Scott,  till  within   half-musket  shot  of 
the  bridge.     The  lateness  of  the  hour  then  induced 
General  Brown  to  order  his  forces  to  retire  to  camp. 
Just  below  this  point,  commence  the   Rapids  of 
the   Niagara;   the  descent   of  the   river  being  fifty 
feet  before  it   reaches  the  brink  of  the  great  fall. 
Visitors  sometimes  express  surprise  at  the  short  dis- 
tance the  Falls  can  be  heard;  this  depends  allogotlu^r 


Br<»wii's  Offioial  Dispatch,  Nilcs  Gth. 


V 


ARRIVAL    AT    THE     FALLS. 


35 


upon  the  state  of  the  atmosphere.  During  tine,  dry 
weather  they  are  heard  but  a,  short  distance;  but 
just  before  a  storm  they  can  be  heard  from  sixteen 
to  eighteen  miles.  It  has  passed  into  a  common 
saying  in  the  surrounding  country,  "We  are  going 
to  have  a  storm,  the  Falls  roar  so  loudly." 

We  are  now  arrived  at  the  village  of  the  Falls, 
and  after  locating  ourselves  in  some  one  of  the  many 
comfortable  hotels  -with  which  this  place  abounds, 
we  prepare  for  a  visit  to  the 


It 


rfe«-jlJ4:I.^J -U »-«-  J' 


FALLS    or    NIAQARA 


30 


NIAGARA     FALLS. 


FALLS   OF   NIAGARA. 

There  is  a  deorce  of  excitement  attendinu'  a  lirsi 
vibit  to  NiAGAUA,  that  perhaps  is  uiuMpialed  by  tlic 
anticipation  of  any  other  sight.  To  feel  that  you  are 
within  a  few  paces  of  this  world-wide  wonder,  seems 
to  inspire  the  dullest  almost  to  enthusiasm,  and  this 
feeling  is  not  lessened  by  the  lirst  sight  of  the  Rapids, 
in  crossino'  the  biidjio  connecting-  the  main  land  to 
the  Islands. 

The  Rapids  are  far  from  being  the  most  uninte- 
resting feature  of  Niagara.  Many,  however,  do  not 
appreciate  them  at  first  sight;  they  are  so  desirous 
of  seeing  the  greater  wonder,  that  they  bestow  but  a 
passing  glance  upon  them.  To  those  who  pause, 
and  contemplate,  there  is  about  them  something  ex- 
ceedingly beautiful  and  sublime.  You  feel  yourself 
regarding  them  in  their  mad  whirls  and  plunges 
rushing  on  to  the  awful  brink,  as  something  almost 
liuman,  and  seem  to  have  a  feeling  of  pity  for  the 
fate  that  awaits  them. 

Arriving  upon  "  Bath  Island,"  visitors  are  requested 
to  enter  their  names  in  a  book,  kept  for  that  purpose, 
and  pay  a  small  fee,  which  gives  them  the  privilege 


\ 


''''^'':f^P>^mi?si^f«rv?^''m>^'  ■ 


I 


M 
■^ 
^ 


I     s 


GOAT     ISLAND. 


41 


of  crossing  tlie  bridge  at  their  pleasure  during  the 
year.  A  short  bridge  leads  to  Goat  Island,  and 
the  first  visit  is  generally  made  to  the  American  Fall. 

Goat  Island  has,  by  the  good  taste  of  the  owner, 
been  left  in  a  state  of  nature,  except  so  far  as  clearing 
out  the  underbrush,  and  making  paths  convenient 
for  visitors ;  and  the  approach  to  the  Fall  is  through 
the  primitive  forest,  whose  overhanging  branches 
almost  entirely  exclude  the  sunshine,  and  this  sub- 
dued lioht  adds  another  charm  to  the  scene.  There 
is  a  path  leading  to  the  very  brink  of  the  fall,  and 
one  involuntarily  clasps  tightly  the  shrubs  and  trees 
upon  the  bank,  while  endeavoring  to  catch  a  glimpse 
of  the  abyss.  Should  the  day  be  one  of  sunshine, 
the  rainbow  below  the  Fall  is  well  worth  traveling 
scores  of  miles  to  behold.  Looking  doivn  upon  a 
rainbow  is  certainly  something  different  from  every 
day  experience. 

Connected  with  Goat  Island,  by  a  rustic  bridge,  is 
Luna  Island;  and  it  was  here  that,  three  years 
since,  a  most  tragical  occurrence  took  place.  A 
young  man  playfully  approached  a  little  girl,  who 
was  standing  upon  the  extreme  verge  of  the  island, 
without  her  perceiving  him,  and  upon  his  addressing 
her,  became  so  frightened  that  her  foot  slipped,  and 
she  was  precipitated  into  the  current  He  plunged 
in  after  her,  and  succeeded  in  catching  huld  of  her 


lUUlJJUMIlllBBIP! 


.....Jj^    \ 


42 


nOUSE-SlIOE     FALL. 


clothes,  and  eiidoavured  to  stay  tlu-ir  hciullor.g  course  by 
Buizing  a  small  shrub  upon  the  bunk,  but  the  treach- 
erous earth  gave  way,  and  the  next  instant  they  were 
carried  over  the  fall.  Their  bodies  were  found ;  that 
of  the  little  girl,  on  the  rocks  just  below  the  place 
where  they  fell,  but  that  of  the  young  man  had  drifted 
down  nearly  to  the  upper  Suspension  Bridge. 

We  now  resume  our  way  to  the  Horse-Shoe  Fall. 
This  fall,  viewed  tis  a  single  object,  is  unquestionably 
one  of  the  most  sublime  things  in  nature.  It  is 
impossible,  by  description,  or  by  penciling,  to  convey 
an  idea  to  the  reader  of  the  effect  produced  upon 
the  beholder.  One  of  the  things  about  Niagara  that 
makes  a  strong  impression  upon  the  spectator  is  the 
motion,  and  this  of  course  is  entirely  lost  in  a  drawing. 
This,  no  doubt,  is  the  reason  why  the  pictures  of 
Niagara  fall  so  far  short  of  the  reality.  There  is  a 
peculiarity,  too,  in  the  color  of  the  water,  which  is  of 
tlie  brightest  green,  and  the  upheaving  of  the  snow- 
white  foam  contrasting  so  vividly  with  the  emerald 
hue,  needs  to  be  seen  to  be  appreciated. 

There  is  a  small  tower  built  upon  a  ledge  of  rocks, 
upon  the  brink  of  this  Fall;  it  is  forty-five  feet  in 
lieight,  with  winding  steps  to  the  top.  It  was  built 
in  1833,  and  is  connected  by  Terrapin  Bridge  with 
Goat  Island.  Witliin  the  past  winter  some  of  the 
rocks  near  tae  tower,  and  between  the  tower  and 


■A 


'  \ 


VIEW    LOOKING    DOWN    TUE    RIVER. 


Il     I 


1 


4 


'■  '^'3'«''^r«'««lW9»f''W«<«!«?5«»>!»«M5. 


■n^^r^^psj^^lif^ijssf? 


ENTRANCE  TO  THE  CAVE  Or  THE  WINDS. 


\ 


TABLE     ROCK. 


47 


Ishmd  have  fallen  away,  and  there  is  a  large  rock 
that  has  not  fallen,  but  slipped  down  several  fuet, 
where  it  remains. 

No  one  having  time,  should  omit  crossing  the  river ; 
it  has  always  been  sfiid,  that  nowhere  does  a  person 
realize  the  height  and  grandeur  of  the  Falls,  as  from 
the  ferry  boat ;  and  it  is  from  the  center  of  the  river 
that  they  are  viewed  as  a  whole,  and  the  eye  at  one 
glance  is  enabled  to  rest  upon  them  in  then*  imdivided 
grandeur  and  sublimity. 

The  path  to  the  right,  near  the  Biddle  Stair-case, 
leads  to  a  magnificent  cave,  appropriately  named, 
when  it  was  first  discovered  many  years  since,  -^olus' 
Cave,  or  Cave  of  the  Winds.  This  cave  is  about 
one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  across,  sixty  feet  wide, 
and  one  hundred  feet  high;  it  is  situated  directly 
behind  the  center  fall,  which,  at  the  bottom  is  more 
than  one  hundred  and  nine  feet  wide,  and  since  the 
rocks  have  been  excavated  and  steps  made,  visitors 
can  pass  into  the  cave,  and  entirely  behind  the  sheet 
of  water.  Beyond  this  cave,  at  the  foot  of  Luna 
Island,  there  is  an  open  space  where  persons  may 
amuse  themselves  at  leisure  upon  the  rocks  over 
which  the  floods  are  pouring,  and  then  venture  in  as 
far  as  they  please  behind  the  whole  American  fall. 
Visitors  can  very  often,  when  the  wind  blows  down 
the   river,  pass   a  considerable  distance  behind   the 


48 


CAVE     OF    THE     WINDS. 


sheet  of  water  within  the  cave,  without  getting  wet. 
Tlie  view  presented  in  the  cave,  in  connection  with 
the  tremendous  and  astounding  roar  of  waters,  will 
enable  visitors  to  appreciate  the  following  beautiful 
and  graphic  lines  of  Brainard  : 

The  thoughts  are  strange  that  crowd  upon  my  brain, 
While  I  look  upward  to  thee.     It  would  seem 
As  if  God  poured  thee  from  his  hollow  hand, 
And  hung  his  bow  upon  thy  awful  front, 
And  spoke  in  that  loud  voice,  which  seemed  to  him 
Who  dwelt  in  Patmos  for  his  Saviour's  sake, 
'The  sound  of  many  waters ; '  and  hath  bade 
Thy  sound  to  chronicle  tlie  ages  back, 
And  notch  His  centuries  in  the  eternal  rock. 

Deep  calleth  unto  deep.     And  what  are  we, 
Tliat  hear  the  question  of  the  voice  sublime  ? 
Oh  I  what  are  all  the  notes  that  ever  rung 
From  war's  vain  trumpet,  by  thy  thundering  side  ? 
Yea,  what  is  all  the  riot  man  can  make 
In  his  short  life,  to  thy  unceasing  roar  ? 
And  yet,  bold  babbler,  what  art  thou  to  Him 
Who  drowned  a  world,  and  heaped  the  waters  far 
Above  its  loftiest  mountains  ?  —  a  light  wave. 
That  breaks  and  whispers  of  its  Maker's  might 


A  very  pleasant  way  of  accomplishing  a  large 
amount  of  sight-seeing  in  two  or  three  hours  is,  after 
returning  from  the  island,  to  take  one  of  the  many 


V 


TABLE     ROCK. 


49 


cnrriages  there  in  wiuting,  drive  down  on  tlie  Amer- 
ican side,  visiting  the  Devil's  Hole,  cross  the  great 
Suspension  Bridge  at  Lewiston,  and  return  on  the 
Canada  side,  visiting  Brock's  Monument  on  Queens- 
ton  Heights,  battle-field  at  Lundy's  Lane,  and  the 
different  points  of  interest  about  the  Canadian  side 
at  the  'Falls,  and  then  cross  the  river  by  the  Ferry. 
Those  who  do  not  desire  to  cross  in  the  boat,  can 
cross  on  the  upper  Suspension  Bridge. 

Table  Rock  is  about  a  hundred  rods  above  the 
landing.  In  the  spring  of  1850  a  large  portion  of  it 
broke  away,  and  has  changed  the  appearance  of  it 
very  much.  The  time  of  its  falling  was  fortunately 
h'^  dinner  hour  of  the  hotels,  consequently,  but  one 
V  two  persons  w^ere  on  the  rock  at  the  time,  and 
they  saw  the  danger  in  time  to  escape.  There  are 
portions  of  it  still  threatened  with  the  same  fate.  It 
was  upon  Table  Rock  that  these  beautiful  lines  of 
Mrs.  SioouRNEY  were  written: 


i      fc 


Flow  oil,  forever,  in  tliy  glorious  robe 

Of  teiTor  and  of  beauty.     God  liiitli  sot 

His  rainbow  on  thy  forehead,  and  tlic  cloud 

Mantles  around  thy  feet ;  and  he  dotli  fj^ive 

Thy  voice  of  thunder  power  to  speak  of  Him 

Eternally — bidding  the  lip  of  man 

Keep  silence,  and  upon  thy  rocky  altar  pour 

Incense  of  sweet  praise. 
3 


mmmimmmmfsm 


50 


LUNDY    S     LANS. 


LUNDY'S    LANE. 


One  mile  and  a  half  from  the  Falls  is  the  battle- 
ground of  Lundy's  Lane.  The  battle  was  fought 
on  the  25th  of  July,  1814.  The  American  army, 
under  command  of  Major- General  Brown,  had  taken 
a  position  at  Chippewa.  About  noon,  on  that  da}% 
he  received  information  that  the  British  were  landino- 
at  Lewiston,  preparatory  to  marching  to  Schlosser, 
and  capturing  a  quantity  of  baggage  and  stores  there 
deposited.  To  draw  the  British  from  this  move.  Gen- 
eral Brown  decided  to  put  his  troops  in  motion  toward 
Queenston.  General  Scott  with  the  "1st  brigade 
Towson's  artillery,  and  all  the  dragoons  and  mount- 
ed men,"  were  put  in  march,  to  report  the  movements 
of  the  enemy.  When  General  Scott  reached  the 
Falls,  he  found  the  English  directly  in  his  front,  a 
narrow  strip  of  woods  only  intervening.  Supposing 
that  a  portion  of  the  British  had  crossed  the  Niagara, 
what  was  his  astonishment  to  find  that  the  information 
received  by  General  Brown  was  incorrect,  and  that 
here  was  a  large  force  drawn  up  in  order  of  battle, 
a  force  larger  than  that  they  had  encountered  a  few 


\\ 


THE     BATTLE. 


51 


days  before  on  the  plains  of  Chippewa.  To  pause 
■was  to  be  lost,  and  GenenU  Scott's  decision  wiis  to 
advance  without  waitinn:  for  reinforcements;  and  for 
an  hour  these  troops  sustcdned  the  conflict,  before 
others  could  be  brouo'ht  to  tlieir  relief.  The  battle 
commenced  at  the  close  of  a  warm  summer  day,  and 
ontinued  till  near  midnight.  The  enemy's  artillery 
occupied  a  strong  position  on  an  eminence,  and  it  was 
found  necessary  to  capture  this  artillery,  and  seize 
the  height.  General  Brown  said  to  Colonel  Miller, 
"Sir,  can  you  take  that  battery?"  "I  will  try," 
was  the  reply,  a  plirase  now  become  identified  with 
the  memory  of  this  gallant  soldier.  It  was  at  this 
battle  that  the  original  of  Cooper's  "  Spy "  was 
killed ;  a  fitting  death  scene  for  such  a  character. 

Returning  again  to  the  American  side  of  the  Falls, 
carriages  are  in  waiting  to  convey  passengers  over  a 
plank  road  to  Lewiston,  where  they  are  to  take  pass- 
age on  the  Lake  Ontario  Steamers.  This  road  runs 
along  the  great  gorge  supposed  to  have  been  worn 
by  the  Falls  of  Niagara  as  they  receded  toward  Lake 
Erie.  This  idea  is  by  no  means  without  weight,  as 
there  are  persons  now  living  near  the  Falls,  who  can 
remember  when  they  presented  quite  a  different 
appearance  from  the  present,  caused  by  the  breaking 
off  of  the  rocks  from  the  abrading  action  of  water, 
and  frost 


I 


',;._     ..Jiiri'^'- 


MINERAL     SPUING. 


A  railroad  is  now  about  being  built,  running  through 
this  gorge,  from  the  Falls  to  Lewiston,  and  will,  when 
completed,  add  still  more  to  the  pleasure  of  the  trip. 

Two  miles  below  the  Falls,  the  river  is  crossed  by 
a  Suspension  Bridge.  This  was  built  a  few  years 
since,  but  was  not  finished  in  the  style  at  first  designed, 
and  presents  a  striking  contrast  to  the  large  bridge  at 
Lewiston. 


:.r^» 


MINERAL    SPRING. 


Near  the  Suspension  Bridge  is  the  "Mineral 
Spring,"  welling  up  among  the  rocks,  into  a  stone 
basin.  The  water  is  strongly  impregnated  with  sul- 
phur, and  contains  also  lime  and  magnesia.  A  chaste 
little  temple  covers  this  famous  Spring. 

A  short  distance  below,  we  come  to  the  Whirlpool. 
This  is  formed  by  the  river  making  a  bend  almost  at 
ri"ht  angles,  and  the  current  being  extremely  swift, 
it  forms  a  large  whirlpool.  Flights  of  steps  have  been 
placed  down  the  bank,  so  that  the  descent  can  bo 


THE     WHIRLPOOL. 


63 


made  with  perfect  safety;  and  although  somcwluit 
fatiguing,  yet  one  is  compensated  for  the  trouble. 
The  banks  of  the  river  are  so  high,  that,  from  the  top, 
the  peculiar  effect  of  the  whirl  is  lost. 


'«~'^^i-  •  ■ 


VIKW  Oi.'   THE   WIIIBLPOOL. 


fi4 


devil's   hole. 


devil's  hole 


Three  miles  from  the  Falls,  wo  come  to  the  Devil's 
Hole.  It  was  at  this  point,  on  the  14th  September, 
17 03,  that  a  party  of  French  and  Indians  waylaid  a 
detachment  of  Eno-lish  on  their  return  from  Schlosser 
to  Fort  Niagara,  then  in  possession  of  the  English. 
A  small  stream  here  crosses  the  road,  and,  from  the 
fact  of  its  waters  having  been  reddened  by  the  blood 
of  the  slaughtered,  it  was  called  "Bloody  Run," 
which  name  it  still  retains.  The  French  and  Indians 
had  laid  their  plans  so  well,  and  so  entirely  surrounded 
the  English,  that  only  two  remained  to  tell  the  tale. 


BLOODY     RUN. 


C5 


One  of  these,  a  Mr.  Stedman,  residing  at  Schlosser, 
was  on  horseback ;  the  Indians  seized  the  bridle,  and 
attempted  to  lead  him  into  the  woods ;  SStedman  drew 
a  knife,  cut  the  bridle  loose,  and,  being  mounted  upon 
a  powerful  animal,  and  spurring  it  to  its  utmost  speed, 
escaped  amid  a  shower  of  balls.  He  afterward  insti- 
tuted a  claim  to  the  possession  of  the  land  round 
which  he  rode  on  his  escape,  on  pretence  of  its  having 
been  a  gift  to  him  from  the  Indians ;  they  supposing 
him  to  be  endowed  with  some  supernatural  powers, 
from  his  escaping  from  them;  and  he  contested  the 
matter  at  law,  with  the  persons  who  had  purchased 
their  title  from  the  state,  but  the  question  was  decided 
against  him. 

The  other  was  a  lad  of  the  name  of  Matthews,  a 
drummer.  Seeing  death  at  the  hands  of  the  savages 
inevitable,  he  made  a  leap  from  the  bank,  and  his 
drum-strap  catching  in  a  tree,  he  was  saved  from 
instant  destruction.  Extricating  himself  from  the 
branches,  he  descended  to  the  water,  and  crept  silently 
imder  cover  of  the  bank  to  Fort  Niagara.  He  after- 
ward resided  on  the  Canada  side  of  the  river,  below 
Queenston;  carried  on  the  business  of  chair-making, 
and  lived  to  relate  his  strange  escape  till  the  good  old 
age  of  ninety. 


56 


LEWISTON. 


:" 

1 

i 

I 

1                                                             r«1J|t"r-       ~ 

--i 

k^>>'SKS&       ■!iv'4JiBffiWHit'ji''  ?^y**WM»»l 

^ 

LKWI8TOX    LANDTMi, 


t-  )oC  c^ 


-71 


LEWISTON. 


J 

S  1 


Three  miles  below  the  Devii/s  IIolk,  is  the  vil- 
lage of  Lewiston.  It  lies  upon  a  beautiful  tract 
of  country,  which  extends  south  fium  the  mountain 
ridge  to  Lake  Ontario,  and  east  and  west  two  hundred 
miles.  The  view  from  the  top  of  the  mountain,  just 
before  you  begin  to  descend,  looking  toward  Lewiston, 
is  very  fine ;  the  windings  of  the  Niagara,  the  different 
points  jutting  into  the  river,  the  peculiar  hue  of  the 
water ;  the  forest  extending,  in  many  places  apparently 
unbroken,  to  the  Lake ;  Fort  Niagara,  and  the  Cana- 
dian village  of  Ningara,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river ;  the 
liiglilands  of  Toronto,  forty  miles  distant,  but  distinctly 
Been  on  a  bright  day,  their  dark  tints  vividly  contrasting 


Cr 


ij 


3 


'T'"l 


i.  ii 


ir 


FORT     GUEY. 


60 


vith  tlic  deep  blue  waters  of  Ontario  —  all  combine 
to  give  a  character  and  variety  to  the  scene  rarely 
ecjualed.  On  the  left  hand  is  a  point  of  land  on 
v/hich,  during  the  last  war,  was  erected  a  battery, 
called  FouT  Grey.  Here  the  French  while  in  posses- 
sion of  the  country,  erected  a  small  railway,  to  enable 
them  to  transport  their  gofwls  up  the  mountain.  It 
was  composed  of  timbers  laid  firmly  upon  foundations 
of  stone,  and  the  power  made  use  of  was  capstans 
and  windlasses.  The  timbers  \v  vc  long  since  mould- 
ered away,  but  the  course  of  the  rail'vay  oan  still  be 
ascertained  by  the  stone  abutment,  whic!-  remmrt. 

In  Father  Hennepin's  account  of  his  vovrv;e  he 
speaks  of  the  "  three  mountains  " —  he  nnsi  have  in- 
cluded first,  the  high  bank  of  the  rivei,  next  the  pla- 
teau upon  which  the  towers  of  the  Suspension  Bridge 
are  built,  and  last,  the  main  ridge  or  mountain. 

Lewiston,  before  the  building  of  the  Erie  Canal,  was 
a  place  of  considerable  importance.  At  that  time 
large  quantities  of  goods,  and  salt  from  Onondaga, 
designed  for  the  western  country,  were  brought  in 
vessels  to  Lewiston,  and  carnuv/.  in  wagons  across  the 
Portage  to  Schlosser,  and  then  re-shipped.  Upon  the 
completion  of  the  canpl  this  trade  ceased,  and  the 
village  has  increased  but  slowly. 

The  Suspension  Bridge,  at  this  point,  is  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  works  of  the  day.     Spanning  the 


SSSB8 


CO 


SUSTENSION    BRIDGE, 


tsW 


Is'iagJira,  it  is  supported  hy  ten  cables  —  five  up<jn  a 
side  —  rc'StiiiL;"  ii|ioii  towers  of  cut  stone,  the  ends 
running-  into  the  eartli,  and  secured  to  anchors  drilled 
into  the  solid  rock,  six  or  seven  feet.  Eacli  cable  is 
composed  of  two  hundivtl  and  iifty  strands  of  iS'«>. 
lU  wire,  placed  parallel  and  Ih-mly  bound  together, 
the  whole  ]en<j;-th,  by  another  wire.  The  distance 
between  the  j)oints  of  suspension,  or  span,  is  one 
thousand  and  forty  feet;  width  of  road- way,  twenty 
feet.  This,  the  longest  suspension  brid^i!  in  the  world, 
was  erected  by  a  few  oentlemen  upon  each  side  of  the 
river,  in  1850,  under  the  superintendence  of  E.  W. 
Skurell,  C.  E. 

The  law  authorizing'  tlie  construction  of  the  work, 
re<piired  that,  upon  its  completion,  it  should  be  tesli d 
by  one  of  the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court.  After 
lie  liad  examined  the  structure  in  detail,  a  number  <.>f 
wao-ons  loaded  with  o'ravel  and  sand,  and  several  car- 
liages,  were  driven  upon  the  bridge,  extending  the 
whole  length;  but  the  weiiiht  of  these  made  no  im- 
prcvssion  upon  it,  so  substantially  is  it  built.  The  loca- 
tion of  this  brid^<^  is  one  of  the  most  desirable  points 
between  the  two  lakes  for  a  railroad  crossino-  beinLr 
at  the  head  of  navigation  from  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  a 
level  with  the  great  plain  already  spoken  of,  extending 
from  near  Oswego  westward,  throuuh  Canada. 


Q  U  E  E  N  S  T  O  N. 


01 


QUEEN  STOX. 

Tlie  village  of  Queenstox,  at  the  Canadian  termi- 
nation of  the  bridge,  is  celiibrated  as  tlie  scene  of  one 
of  the  liardest  liglits  during  the  hist  war  with  Great 
Ihitain. 

This  occurred  on  the  13th  of  October,  1812.  A 
portion  of  the  American  army,  commanded  by  Colonel 
Van  Rensselaer,  crossed  the  river  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, with  the  expectation  that  the  militia  were  to  be 
biought  over  lus  rapidly  as  the  number  of  their  boats 
would  allow.  After  a  severe  light,  the  Americans 
obtained  possession  of  the  English  batteries;  but  this 
victory,  so  dearly  won,  was  lost  to  them  from  the 
cowardice  of  the  troops  remaining  on  the  American 
side  of  the  river,  who,  at  this  moment,  refused  to 
cross,  alleging  the  unconstitutionaUty  of  the  act.  The 
few  brave  men  who  held  possession  of  the  heights 
wi're  wearied  and  worn  out,  and  with  but  little  ammu- 
nition remaining,  their  case  seemed  almost  hopeless. 
A  large  reinforcement  of  troops  from  Fort  George  now 
arrived  under  command  of  General  Brock  ;  yet  even 
under  these  discouraging  circumstances,  they  resolved 


F       ,11 


•^mmr^ 


62 


QUEENS TON. 


to  make  one  eflort  more,  and  valiantly  clijirgcd  upon 
the  advancing  troops.  Tlu;  Knglisli  at  first  gav(;  way, 
and  it  was  in  at  templing  to  laily  them  that  General 
Brock  was  killed,  and  his  aid,  Col<jnel  McDonald,  re- 
ceived a  mortal  wound.  Thev  were  once  more  brought 
to  the  attack,  and  longer  resistance  being  hopeless,  the 
Americans  surrcaidered  to  General  Sheafe,  who  had 
taken  command  upon  the  death  of  General  Brock. 

A  monument  erected  to  the  memory  of  General 
Brock  stands  on  the  Heights.  This  was  commenced 
in  the  year  1824,  and  finished  in  1820,  at  which  time 
the  bodies  of  General  Brock  and  his  aid,  CNjlonel 
McDonald,  were  brought  from  Niagara  and  reinterred 
^ith  military  honors. 

In  the  spring  of  1839,  a  miscreant,  who  had  been 
obliged  to  leave  Canada  for  liis  participation  in  the 
political  troubles  of  1838,  conceived  the  idea  of  de- 
molishinij  this  monument,  erected  to  the  memory  of  a 
good  man  and  gallant  soldier,  and  succeeded  in  plac- 
ing a  (|uantity  of  powder  in  tlie  lower  part>  with  a 
slow-match  attached.  The  explosion  took  place  about 
four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  the  report  was  like 
that  of  one  of  the  heaviest  pieces  of  artillery.  The 
explosion  shattered  t^ie  monument  very  much,  but 
did  not  entirely  destroy  it.  The  feeling  of  indignation 
ao-ainst  the  author  of  this  outram^  was  not  orrater  on 
the  Canadian  than  on  the  American  side  of  the  river, 


!4S 


gf 


n  U  O  C  K    8   M  O  N  U  M  E  N  T. 


L  K  W  I  S  T  O  N. 


C5 


fur  Gonoral   i>uocic  was  a   man  liiglily  cstut'ined  by 
butli  parties. 

The  view  on  page  sixly-three  exhibits  the  monument 
as  it  now  appt-ais,  since  the  attempt  to  destroy  it. 
JSome  steps  liave  been  taken  to  repair  it;  but  for  some 
reas(jn,  it  has  not  been  accomplished. 

The  site  of  the  villa;>e  of  Lewiston  was  tlie  liome  of 
the  Mohawk  Indians,  alter  leaving  the  banks  of  the 
river  bearinir  their  name.  This  was  once  the  resri- 
dencc  of  their  celebrated  chief,  Joseph  Buant,  *'  Thay- 
ondenega,"  who,  with  liis  followers,  liere  formed  a 
considerable  vilhiLce.  Turner,  in  his  interestini*-  his- 
tory  of  "  The  Holland  Purchase,"  gives  an  account  of 
an  ]*]piscopal  church  at  this  place,  which  will  be  read 
with  interest:  "There  was  a  log  church,  in  which 
the  Episcopal  service  was  usually  read  upon  Sundays, 
by  some  one  attached  to  the  British  garrison  at  !Niag- 
ara;  and  occasionally  a  13ritish  army  chaplain,  or  a 
missi(jnary,  would  be  present."  The  Protestant  Ki)is- 
copal  Church,  "  in  any  history  of  its  origin  and  pro- 
gress in  western  New  York,  may  well  assume  that, 
beyond  the  garrison  at  Niagara,  Prant's  rude  log 
church  was  the  spot  where  its  services  were  first  held. 
Upon  a  humble  log  church  there  could,  of  course,  !)o 
no  belfry  or  steeple.  The  bell  that  was  brought  frf)ni 
the  Moliawk,  was  hung  upon  a  cross-bar  resting  in  the 
ci'otch  of  a  tree,  and  rang  l»y  a  rope  attached." 


t# 


4 


60 


YOU  NO  ST  OWN. 


Three  miles  from  Lcwiston  is  an  Indian  village  of 
the  TuscARORAs.  Here  is  a  small  cliurch,  with  a  res- 
ident missionary;  the  ser\ices  are  quite  interesting  to 
strangers;  the  minister  delivers  liis  discourse,  a  sen- 
tence at  a  time,  in  English,  and  their  chief  translates 
it  into  the  Indian  tongue.  It  is  a  pleasant  drive  of  six 
miles  from  the  Falls,  and  is  visited  by  a  great  number 
of  travelers. 

We  are  now  ready  to  embark  in  one  of  the  beau- 
tiful American  stejimcrs,  which  are  unsurpassed  for 
beauty  of  decoration,  comfort,  and  convenience  of 
arrangements,  or  seaworthy  qualities. 

The  character  of  the  scenery  of  the  Niagara  is  en- 
tirely changed  at  Lewiston.  The  river,  after  emerging 
from  the  high  banks  at  the  brow  of  the  mountain, 
sweeps  on  in  a  majestic  and  tranquil  current  to  the 
lake,  as  though  wearied  with  the  iierce  strife  in  which 
it  had  been  engaged.  The  shores  lose  their  wildness, 
but  retain  their  beauty,  and  are  hned  on  either  side, 
with  fine  farms  and  beautiful  groves. 

The  first  stopping-place  is  the  village  of  Youngs- 
TOWN,  six  miles  below  Lewiston.  This  is  a  small  town 
named  after  its  founder,  the  late  John  Young,  Esq. 
Its  site  was  the  battle-ground,  on  the  24th  of  July, 
1759,  of  the  French  and  Indians,  under  the  command 
of  Mons.  D' Aubrey,  and  the  English  and  Indians,  com- 
manded by  General  Pride  aux,  and,  after  his  death. 


NIAGARA. 


CV 


by  Sir  William  Johnson.  Tliis  battle  resultfd  in  the 
capture  of  Fort  Niag-ara. 

The  Canadian  villaoe  of  Xiagara  is  situatt^-d  oppo- 
site Youngsiuwn;  it  was  fonncrly  called  Newark. 
Fort  Geoucje  was  taken  by  the  Amcrieans,  on  the 
29tli  of  May,  1813.  On  the  10th  of  December,  of 
the  same  year,  the  villag-e  of  Newark  was  burned  by 
the  orders  of  General  McClure.  'JMie  fort  was  de- 
stroyed at  the  same  time,  and  was  ne\er  rebuilt.  The 
remains  of  the  old  embankments,  a  short  distance 
above  the  present  village,  can  be  distinctly  seen  from 
tlie  steamer. 

About  one  mile  below  these  embankments  is  a  fort, 
constructed  by  the  British,  called  Fort  Massasauoua. 
A  small  garrison  is  usually  stationed  there. 


^-S.  ^^w^ 


FORT  MASSASAlJQtA. 


^iS*MS*^;^#5T^r^#M5S 


68 


FOUT    NI  Afl  ARA. 


FORT    NIAGARA, 

On  the  American  side,  is  one  of  the  most  interestino- 
points  on  this  frontier.  In  1GG8,  La  Salle  here 
erected  some  buildings  enclosed  with  palisades,  which 
were  burned  by  the  Senecas  in  1G75.  To  revenge 
tliis,  was  one  cause  of  the  French  expedition,  under 
Denonville,  into  the  country  of  the  Senecas.  On 
their  return,  in  1G87,  they  took  formal  possession,  in 
the  name  of  the  king  of  France,  of  the  land,  to  build 
a  fort  thereon.  In  1G88,  orders  were  received  by  the 
Sieur  Desdergeues,  the  commandant  of  the  fort,  from 
the  Marquis  De  Denonville,  "  to  demolish  the  forti- 
iication,  with  the  exception  of  the  cabins  and  quar- 
ters," and  to  take  a  memorandum  "  of  the  condition  in 
which  we  leave  said  quarters  which  will  remain  entire, 
to  maintain  the  possession  his  majesty  and  the  French 
liave  for  a  lono-  time  had  on  this  continent."  Amonir 
the  matters  enumerated  in  this  memorandum,  was  "  a 
large,  framed,  wooden  cross,  eighteen  feet  in  height," 
and  bearing  an  inscription,  of  which  that  upon  the 
cross  is  a  facsimile,  "  which  was  erected  on  hist  o'ood 


h- 

d 


'A 

-J  - 

> 


\ 


FORT    NIAOARA. 


IHEGAf-V/NC'CtMP.CH^S: 


71 


Fiiday,  by  all  the  officers,  and  solemnly  blessed  by 
Kev.  Father  Millet." 

The  place  seems  to  have  been  abandoned  by  the 
French  from  this  time  till  1725,  at  Avhich  time  the 
mess-house  and  other  storeh(nises  were  built. 

On  the  Gth  of  July,  1759,  General  Prideaux  land- 
ed on  the  lake  shore,  just  below  tlie  mouth  of  the 


78 


FORT    NI  Af!  AKA. 


river,  with  a  lamo  force  of  Knirlisli,  nud  a  "tlHuisaiul 


II 


il 


KS 


iliihtinu"  nitii "  of  tlin   riullans,  and  hi'sicntd  Niai 


ixrx 


Tlio  battl(!  before  alludrd  to  in  the  sketch  of  VorsciS- 
TowN,  took  place  on  the  24th;  and  on  the  2'Ah,  tlio 
Knnlisli  took  possession  of  tlie  fortification.  They 
retained  it  until  1790,  when  it  was  given  up  to  the 
Aniericaiis.  It  was  again  taken  hy  tlie  Knglish  on 
tiie  night  of  tlie  10th  Decemlnr,  1813,  and  held  hy 
them  till  after  tlie  peace  of  1815. 

Within  a  few  years,  this  fort  has  been  thorougldy 
repaired,  and  a  new  wall  constructed.  During  the 
progress  of  tliese  repairs,  many  relics  of  former  days 
W(.'re  found.  The  entrances  to  several  undei'ground 
j)assages  were  discoviu'ed,  but  owing  to  their  ruinous 
titate,  they  were  not  entered:  could  this  have  been 
done,  no  doubt  many  interesting  discoveries  would 
liave  been  made. 

In  the  dungeons  of  the  mess-liouse  were  formerly 
the  remains  of  many  instruments  of  tortiu'e,  and 
chains  lirmly  fastened  in  the  wall.  The  walls  were 
covered  with  names  scratched  U})on  them,  many  ap- 
parently with  a  nail.  A  French  gentleman  visited 
here  a  few  years  since,  and  in  liis  explorati<jns,  found 
among  these  names  that  of  an  ancestor  who  had  mys- 
teriously disappeared  during  a  period  of  political  ex- 
citement in  France;  thus  proving  that  these  dungeons 
were  sometimes  used  for  state  prisoners.     Could  the 


KOllT    NIACJAUA. 


73 


walls  of  tlio  old  "moss  hoiiso,"  which  can  be  been 
from  the  boat,  be  gifted  with  speech,  wliat  strange 
tales  they  eould  relate!  In  these  halls,  the  polished 
French,  and  "gcMitle  ladies"  had  lield  their  revels, 
and  min'jiin*'  with  them  were  the  ••  red  warriors," 
the  mere  recital  of  some  of  whose  deeds  of  cruelty 
wouhi  cause  a  shudder.  After  the  occupation  by  tin; 
English,  it  was  a  favorite  po.t,  and  strange  and  varied 
were  the  scenes  which  p:issed  within  its  walls.  The 
traditions  and  stories  connected  with  this  old  fort 
would  till  volumes. 

There  arc  two  lines  of  American  steamers  leavin<»; 
Lewiston  daily, —  the  Express  Link  at  12  o'clock, 
by  which  passengers  are  enabled  to  see  Toronto  and 
the  other  towns  upon  the  Canachan  side  of  lake  Ontario, 
and  arrive  in  Montreal  the  following  afternoon,  passin 
the  Thousand  Islands  and  the  Ila])ids  by  daylight 


^ 


74 


TORONTO. 


'ii 


T  0  R  0  X  T  0. 

This  city,  formerly  calltid  Little  Yokk,  is  cele- 
brated ill  Iiistr^ry  as  the  i)laco  wlierc  General  Pikk 
"vvjis  kilk'l  by  the  explosion  of  a  magazine,  at  the  time 
of  its  capture  by  the  Americans,  Ajiril  27th,  1813.  It 
now  contains  about  twenty-five  thousand  inhabitants, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  nourishing  of  iier  majesty's 
Canadian  towns. 

The  United  States  Mail  Line,  running  upon  the 
American  side,  leaves  Lewiston  at  3  o'clock,  p  m. 
After  leaving  Fort  Niagara,  passengers  have  a  pleas- 
ant sail  along  the  shore  of  the  beautiful  Ontario,  wliicli 
is  interspersed  with  H(jurishing  villages  and  fine  farms, 
until  they  arrive  at  the  Gen(>scc  river.  The  river  is 
naviu-able  five  miles,  and  the  steamboat  landini*-  at  that 
point  is  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Rochester. 

Tlie  lower  falls  of  the  Genesee  are  about  half  a 
mile  above  the  landing.  The  Indians  called  this  Gas- 
couciiA'.;ou ;  and  it  is  described  in  a  letter,  written  in 
1775,  as  **a  river  unknown  to  geographers,  and  filled 
with  rapids  and  waterfalls."  The  Genesee,  below  the 
Falls,  is  a.  quiet  stream,  shut  in  by  lofty  banks,  and 


O  E  N  E  S  K  E    U  I  V  E  K. 


76 


its  course  being  exceediiiL^ly  ■sviiulini^-,  aclils  nuK-li  to 
its  beauty.  On  tlic  bunk  of  this  river,  three  miles 
below  the  present  city  of  Rochester,  the  first  Ameri- 
can vessel  was  built,  in  1V98.  She  was  of  tliii'ty  tons 
burden,  and  was  called  the  "  Jemima." 

After  leaving  the  Genesee,  the  steamers  make  no 
stop  till  they  arrive  at  Oswego,  wlu^re  passengers  can 
take  the  cars  in  the  morning,  and  arrive  at  Alhanv  in 
time  for  the  boats  and  cars  for  New  Yokk  and  IJos- 
Tox,  the  same  afternoon. 


c 


.  h^> 


i; 


9 


76 


O  S  W  E  G  O. 


OSWEGO. 


The  Indian  nanu;  of  tliis  place  was  Choueguen. 
The  lirst  settlement  was  made  in  1727,  by  the  Eng- 
lish, wlu)  built  a  trading  jiouse  and  fortilied  it,  on  the 
west  side  of  the  river.  This  gave  great  displeasure 
to  the  French;  and  in  July  of  the  same  year,  the 
Manpiis  IJeai  harnais,  Governor  General  of  Canada, 
called  U])on  the  English  to  surrender  their  fort.  This 
modest  refjuest  was  not  complied  with. 

In  1755,  the  English  built  a  fort  on  the  cast  side 
of  the  river,  on  the  present  site  of  Fort  Ontario. 
The  first  Eniilish  V(?ssel  on  this  hike  was  built  at 
Choueguen,  and  launched  June  28th,  1755.  On  the 
11th  of  August,  1750,  the  Marquis  De  Montcalm 
ai)peared  befort^  the  place  with  a  large  force  of  Frencli 
and  Indians,  and  after  a  siege  of  three  days,  the  Eng- 
lish surrendered.  The  French  obtained  possession  of 
a  large  amount  of  jirojx'i'ty,  consisting  of  arms,  pro- 
N  isions,  and  several  vessels ;  also,  "  three  box(!s  of  sil- 
ver, and  the  military  chest  containing  £18,000."  The 
ti'aditions  connected  with  the  seizure  of  this  silver  and 
money,  arc  no  doubt  the  origin  of  the  schemes  of  dig- 
ging for  treasur(\s  so  often  cmtered  into,  and  even  at 


'17.  (M,   ,;|||lb. 
M  .kML 


If  %s 


OSWEGO. 


79 


tlir-  prt'SL-iit  lime  ix^iuvjc  ou,  in  the  uciLiliborliooJ  of  llio 
old  lurt. 

Alter  takinn-  possession  of  their  plunder,  llie  French 
entirely  destroyed  the  fortilicalion,  and  returned  j)us- 
session  of  tin;  land  to  the  Ononduoa  Indians,  "  to  be 
held  by  them  forever." 

It  was  rebuilt  by  the  English  about  the  year  1759. 
Just  before  the  American  Uevolution,  they  very  much 
strengthened  this  i'ortilication.  They  retained  posses- 
sion of  it  till  1790,  when  it  was  given  up  to  the 
United  States.  An  attack  was  made  by  tlic  English 
upon  this  post,  in  May  1814,  when  it  was  com- 
manded by  Colonel  Mitchell,  who  succeeded  in  retreat- 
ing m  g<x>d  order,  and  securing  a  large  portion  of  his 
stores.  The  English  lantled  and  destroyed  the  ord- 
nance, and,  taking  a  (juantily  of  property  from  the 
village,  embarked  and  retired. 

Fort  Ontario  has,  within  a  few  years,  been  thor- 
fuighly  rej)aired,  and  is  now  a  very  strong  position. 
May  the  time  never  again  come  when  its  guns  shall 
be  needed  to  repuls*'  an  enemy  from  our  shores. 

Oswego  is  now  a  flourishing  city  of  about  lifteen 
thousand  inhabitants.  Here  is  the  termination  of  a 
railroad  connecting  at  Syracuse  with  the  central  line 
of  railroad  to  Albany.  A  new  railroad  will  soon  be 
built  to  Binghampton,  and  when  finished,  will  make 
Oswego   the    great  coal    depot  of    lake  Ontario  and 


80 


OSWEGO. 


Caiiuthi,  After  the  comj)letion  of  tliis  road,  the  difler- 
ence  in  distance  between  Oswego  and  New  York, 
and  Oswego  and  Phihidelphia,  will  be  only  about 
twenty  miles.  Oswego  is  also  the  terminus  of  the 
Oswego  canal,  connecting  at  Syracuse  with  the  Erie 
canal.  It  is  a  place  of  great  commercial  importance, 
there  being  a  large  commerce  between  this  port  and 
the  upper  Lakes  and  Canada.  Here,  also,  arc  some 
of  the  finest  flouring  mills  in  the  world,  and  immense 
quantities  of  Hour  are  annually  exported.  The  large 
Ktarc)i  i';?ctory,  at  this  place,  forwarded  specimens  of 
its  niahafacture  to  the  World's  Fmr,  and  received  a 
pviijuimn. 

Tlic  Rtsamcr  leaves  Oswego  about  eight  o'clock  in 
the  morning,  and,  afler  a  pleasant  sail  of  three  hours, 
arrives  at  the  naval  post  of  Sackktt's  Hahboii. 

This  is  a  small  town  situated  on  the  north-eastern 
shore  of  lake  Ontario,  distant  from  Oswego  about 
forty-five  miles,  and  twenty  from  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence. It  W5US  purchased  and  taken  possession  of  by 
Mr.  Sackett,  of  Jamiaca,  L.  L,  in  1709.  In  1801 
only  three  families  had  settled  here,  in  consequence 
of  a  prejudice  at  that  time  existino-  against  settlements 
on  the  lake  shore,  on  account  of  the  supposed  un- 
healthiness  of  so  large  a  body  of  fresli  water. 

This  place  was  the  great  naval  stnlion  on  the  Lake 
durinoi   the  last  war  with   Great  liiitain.      All    the 


i   ii 

tai! 

BACKETt's     IIARBOll. 


vessels  of  war,  Avilh  the  exception  of  the  Oneida,  which 
was  built  at  Oswego  in  1808,  were  built  at  this  port, 
under  the  superintendence  of  Henuv  Eckfoiu>,  Esq^ 
who  died  a  few  years  since  at  Constantinople,  whither 
he  had  gone  to  superintend  the  building  of  some 
vessels  for  the  sultan. 

In  the  ship-house,  on  the  point  at  the  entrance  of 
the  harbor,  is  now  remaining,  in  a  state  of  good  pres- 
ervation, a  ship  of  the  line  of  one  hundred  guns,  whicli 
was  commenced  in  1814;  but  peace  being  declared 
soon  after,  it  was  never  fniished.  In  thirty  days  from 
the  time  the  timber  was  growing  in  the  woods,  the 
ship  was  advanced  to  its  present  state,  and  it  vms  the 
mtention  of  the  builder  in  sixty  days  more  to  have 
had  her  ready  for  sea. 

Sackett's  IIar^>or  was  attacked  by  the  English,  com- 
manded by  Sir  Geouge  Provost,  on  the  30th  May 
1813.  They  effected  a  landing,  but  after  a  severe 
fight  were  driven  back  to  their  boats,  and  retreated, 
leaving  many  of  their  wounded.  Unfortunately,  the 
officers  in  charge  of  the  nav?il  stores,  fearing  they 
might  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  set  fire  to 
the  building's,  and  the  immensely  valuable  stores  taken 
at  **  LiTTrE  YoKK,"  were  consumed. 

There  is  an  extensive  military  post  here,  cjillcd 
"Madison  BAUii.vcKs." 

In  181G,  the  first  Anurican  steanK^r  on  this  Lake, 


84 


H  1'  E  A  M  E  It    O  N  T  A  li  I O 


was  built  huro,  and  called  tho  Ontauio.  She  was  altout 
otif  liundri'd  and  ten  Ict-t  K/Iil;'  on  deck,  had  a  beam 
t'liginc,  thirty-lour  inch  cylinder,  and  lour  feet  stroke. 
It  was  then  con>idered  unsafe  to  have  any  structure  on 
deck,  larger  than  a  small  cahin  on  the  (luarterdeck  for 
the  ladies.     The  Ontario  was  linally  laid   by  in    ls;U. 

There  is  a  railroad  marly  completed  from  Sack(  tl's 
Jlarbor  to  Pic-rrepoint  Manor,  a  distance  of  alxait 
f^ixteen  miles,  and  thcMe  connecting  with  the  Uom(!  and 
Cape  Vincent  Kailroatl. 

Tile  Exj)ress  Line  of  Steamers,  after  leavinn;  T<jronto, 
make  their  first  stop  at  C'ai'e  Vincent,  a  small  village 
deliohtfully  situated  at  tht;  entrance  of  the  river  St. 
Lawrence.  This,  tojrrther  with  the  n«'iL;hborino-  villaLije 
of  CuAUMONT,  was  nam»'(l  in  honor  of  one  of  the  early 
settlers,  M.  Vincent  Le  Kav  i>e  Chaimont.  It  has 
been  (juite  noted  for  having  been  the  residence  of 
several  ])olitical  ;idherents  of  the  Emperor  Napoleon  , 
and  a  number  of  articles  of  his  furniture  and  books 
were  oiwc  deposited  hen',  preparatory,  it  is  said,  to  his 
seekinp;  here  an  asylum. 

A  railroad  has  just  been  completed  from  this  place 
to  Jiome,  by  whicii  pi'ssengeiVj  leaving  here  in  the 
morning,  can  reach  New  York  the  same  evening. 
This  roau  j)a.sses  through  tlu;  j)retty  village  of  Biiowx- 
viLLE,  the  residence  of  the  late  Major  General  Bkown; 
also  the   \illage  of  Wateutown,  situated  on    Black 


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23  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WIBSTIR.N.Y.  USSO 

(716)  872-4503 


C^ 


GRAND     ISLAND. 


87 


river,  and  one  of  the  most  flourisiliing  and  well-built 
towns  in  the  state. 

Lying  between  Cape  Vincent  and  Kingston,  is 
Grand  Island,  belonging  to  the  English.  Two  small 
bays  put  into  either  side  of  this  island;  and  at  this 
point  it  is  contemplated,  the  coming  year,  to  construct 
a  ship  canal,  a  mile  and  a  half  long.  By  this  means 
vessels  will  avoid  going  round  the  head  of  the  island, 
and  diminish  the  distance  about  one  half. 

Three  miles  below  Cape  Vincent  is  Carleton  Island, 
which  is  about  three  miles  lono-  and  about  one  mile 
wide.  At  its  head  are  the  ruins  of  a  fortification 
erected  by  the  French  at  an  early  day ;  these  can  be 
distinctly  seen  from  the  steamer,  many  of  the  chim- 
neys remaining  quite  entire.  At  this  island  the 
French  sunk  two  vessels,  to  prevent  their  falling  into 
the  hands  of  the  English.  The  water  being  very  clear, 
the  remains  of  these  can  be  distinctly  seen,  filled  with 
gravel  and  stones. 

The  United  States  Line  of  Steamers,  after  leaving 
Sackett's  Harbor,  in  crossing  over  to  Kingston,  pass 
between  the  islands  lying  at  the  foot  of  lake  Ontario, 
and  those  lying  within  the  St.  Lawrence. 


Ml 


8S 


KINGSTON. 


m 


KITS'GSTON  — UPPER   CANADA. 


tm 


I 


,,  ;l 


I  ! 


1!  4 


The  Indian  n;imc  of  this  phice  is  Cadaracqui.  The 
French  commenced  building  a  fort  here  in  1G72, 
under  the  orders  of  M.  De  Courcelles,  then  Gov- 
ernor of  Canada.  He  returned  to  France  the  same 
year,  and  the  fort  was  finished  the  next  spring,  under 
the  orders  of  his  successor,  Count  Frontenac,  and 
called  by  his  name.  The  command  of  it  was  after- 
ward given  to  M.  De  La  Salle,  who,  in  1678,  rebuilt 
it  with  stone.  The  same  vejir  a  bark  of  ten  tons  was 
launched.  In  1688,  upon  hearing  the  news  of  the 
capture  of  Montreal  by  the  Indians,  the  garrison  set 
fire  to  the  two  boats  they  had  built  there,  and  aban- 
doned the  fort,  leaving  matches  connected  with  their 


^-^ 


KINGSTON. 


91 


store  of  powder,  to  blow  up  the  works.  By  some 
mismanagement,  this  was  not  effected,  and  upon  tlio 
Inuiur.p/  landing  there  some  time  after,  they  found 
quite  a  stock  of  powder  remaining. 

This  position  was  again  garrisoned  by  the  French,  in 
1C89,  and  held  b)  them  till  1758,  at  which  time  an 
expedition,  under  command  of  Colonel  Bradstueet, 
embarked  from  Oswego,  and  after  two  days  hard 
fighting,  he  obtained  possession  of  it,  and  destroyed 
the  fort  and  vessels,  and  such  articles  as  he  could  not 
bring  away.  The  peace  of  1762  extinguished  the 
French  title,  and,  after  its  acquisition  by  the  English, 
its  name  was  changed  to  Kinoston. 

o  o 

This  was  an  important  naval  station  of  the  English, 
during  the  war  of  1812,  and  several  ships,  of  the 
largest  class,  were  built  here.  The  post  was  can- 
nonaded by  the  American  fleet  under  Commodore 
Chauncey,  in  1812. 

Kingston  is  now  one  of  the  most  important  towns 
in  Canada,  and,  next  to  Quebec,  is  the  most  strongly 
fortified. 

On  Cedar  Island  is  a  martello  tower  ;  on  a  point 
overlooking  the  town  and  navy-yard,  is  a  strong  forti- 
fication, called  Fort  Henry,  and  the  harbor  is  defend- 
ed by  several  martello  towers.  After  the  union  of  the 
Provinces,  this  was,  for  a  few  years,  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment.    The  building  for  the  public  offices  and  the 


■  1 

,1  ■; 

•i ' 

■p- 


02 


CLAYTON. 


ill 


market,  is  one  of  tlie  finest  on  the  continent.  In  front 
of  't  is  a  large  battery,  and  a  martcUo  tower  standing 
on  1  slioal  in  the  luirbor. 

Passengers  liave  a  fine  view  of  tlie  city  and  fortifi- 
cations from  the  steamer,  in  entering  and  departing 
from  the  harbor.  On  leavinijf  Kingston,  we  enter 
upon  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  The  Thousand  Islands 
commence  here,  but  being  quite  large,  are  not  numer- 
ous until  you  {ipproach  Clayton. 

This  is  a  small  village  upon  the  American  side,  and 
is  noted  as  the  oreat  raftino-  station  of  E.  Cr.  Merrick, 
Esq.,  where  large  ship-timber  and  staves  are  formed 
into  rafts,  and  lloated  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Mon- 
treal and  Quebec.  These  rafts  are  often  passed  in  d<'- 
scending  the  river,  and  from  their  requiring  many  men 
to  navigate  them,  and  their  erecting  upon  them  little 
huts  for  shelter,  at  a  little  distance  they  present  tho 
appearance  of  a  village.  Mr.  Merrick  has  here  jiii 
extensive  shipyard,  wherein  many  of  the  vessels  nav- 
igating the  Lakes,  and  several  of  the  fine  steameis 
belonoino'  to  the  American  Line,  were  built. 

This  is  also  the  residence  of  the  well  known  AVm. 
.loHNSON,  who  liiiurcd  in  the  late  Canadian  rebellion. 
In  consecjuence  of  his  participation  in  these  troubh's, 
lie  was  obliti'cd  to  seclude  himself  from  the  senrcli 
instituted  for  him  by  troops  under  the  command  of  tlu 
late   General   Wortil     It   was  during  this  seclusioa 


► 

H 

O 
V! 


('I 


I  _ 


m 


m 


11' 


m 


THOUSAND    ISLANDS. 


95 


upon  one  of  the  islanas  in  the  neighborhood,  that  his 
(laughter  "  Kate  "  acquired  her  title  of  "  Queen  of  the 
Tiiousand  Islands,"  from  her  visiting  and  carrying  him 
(provisions,  in  her  canoe. 

We  arc  now  in  the  midst  of  the  Thousand  Islands. 
Persons,  on  hearing  these  islands  spoken  of,  often 
make  the  remark  that  the  number  must  be  exagger- 
ated ;  but,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  not  sufficient,  there 
being  about  fifteen  hundred.  At  the  lighthouse,  four 
miles  below  Clayton,  eighty  can  be  counted  from  the 
deck  of  the  steamboat.  The  following  is  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  Thousand  Islands,  written  by  a  Frenchman 
in  1664:  "An  infinity  of  little  islands  are  at  the 
entrance  of  the  lake,  in  such  great  number,  and  in 
such  variety,  that  the  most  experienced  Iroquois  pilots 
sometimes  lose  themselves  there,  and  experience  con- 
siderable difficulty  in  distinguishing  the  course  to  be 
steered  in  the  confusion,  and,  as  it  were,  the  labyrinth 
formed  by  the  islands,  which  otherwise  have  nothing 
agreeable  beyond  their  multitude.  For  these  are  only 
huge  rocks  rising  out  of  the  water,  covered  merely 
with  moss  or  a  few  spruce,  or  other  stunted  wood, 
whose  roots  spring  from  the  clefts  of  the  rocks,  which 
can  supply  no  other  aliment  or  moisture  to  these 
barren  trees  than  what  the  rains  furnish  them." 

About  six  miles  below  Clayton,  upon  Wells  Island, 
there  is  a  small  wharf,  at  which,  in  the  year  1838,  the 


90 


BROCK  V  ILL  E. 


m 


British  steamer  Sir  Robekt  Pekl,  while  takinyj  in 
wood,  was  burned  by  the  Canadian  Patriots. 

The  next  ])ort,  after  leaving  Clayton,  is  Alexandiua 
Bay;  a  romaJitic  httle  place,  built  upon  a  mass  of 
rocks.  This  is  a  favorite  resort  for  hunters,  as  well  a# 
the  disciples  of  Isaak  Walton.  Three  miles  below  the 
village  is  a  position  whence  one  hundred  islands  are  in 
view  at  once. 

Our  next  stop  is  made  at  Brockville,  on  the  Cana- 
dian side  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  This  is  one  of  the 
pleasantest  villages  in  Canada,  containing  about  two 
thousand  five  hundred  inhabitants,  and  was  named 
in  honor  of  General  Brock,  who  fell  at  Q  eenston 
Heights.  During  the  last  war,  it  was  taken  by  the 
Americans,  under  the  command  of  Major  Forsyth, 
who  was  afterward  killed  at  La  Cole.  Directly  op- 
posite is  the  village  of  Morristown  ;  the  first  settlers 
came  from  Morristown,  N.  J.,  and  named  their  new 
home  after  the  one  they  had  left.  The  river,  at  this 
point,  is  a  mile  and  a  half  wide,  and  we  here  t'lke 
leave  of  the  "  Thousand  Islands." 

The  appearance  of  the  soil  changes  very  suddenly, 
after  leaving  Morristown,  losing  its  rocky  character, 
and  becoming  susceptible  of  the  highest  cultivation. 
The  country,  on  the  Canadian  side,  is  much  better 
cultivated  than  on  the  American,  having  been  settled 
at  an  earlier  day.    Many  of  these  fine  farms  were  the 


i 


o 

"i 

H 

a 

M 
H 

a 

o 
rj 

0) 

'A 
O 

U) 

o 


TORIES. 


99 


homes  of  Tories,  who  left  the  United  States  after  the 
Revolution.  One  of  these  was  a  brother  of  IBene- 
DiCT  Arnold  ;  he  died  a  few  years  since,  and  there 
are  yet  some  of  his  descendants  residing  in  the  vi- 
cinity. Twelve  miles  below  Morristown,  is  the  port  of 
Ogdensburgh. 


t ;   I 


100 


OODENSBURGH. 


a  i 


l^il 


OGDENSBURGH. 

The  first  settlement  is  believed  to  have  been  made 
m  1748.  Many  of  the  Iroquois  having  expressed 
their  willingness  to  embrace  Christianitv>  the  Abbe 
Francois  Picquet,  who  was  afterward  styled  the 
"Apostle  of  the  Iroquois,'*  was  selected  to  found  a 
mission  at  this  place.  Under  his  instructions,  a  fort 
was  built,  called  "  La  Presentation."  In  October, 
1749,  it  was  attacked  by  a  band  of  Indians,  believed 
to  be  Mohawks,  and  although  Sieur  De  Vassau,  then 
commanding  at  Fort  Frontenac,  had  sent  a  detach- 
ment of  troops  to  the  assistance  of  the  Abbe,  they 
could  not  prevent  the  destruction  of  two  vessels  and 
the  palisades  of  the  fort. 

This  fort  was  built  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oswegat- 
chie,  on  the  west  bank ;  and  some  remains  of  its  walls 
are  still  discernible.  The  corner  stone  is  in  the 
possession  of  a  gentleman  -  of  this  place,  and  has 
in  inscription  upon  it,  of  which  we  present  a  fac- 
Bimile,  on  page  99. 

After  the  defeat  of  Montcalm,  Abbe  Picquet,  see- 
ing the  fruits  of  his  long  and  laborious  life  about  to 


o 

>. 

c- 

J 

u 

> 

r- 

i 

Ak 

X 

■N, 

Mil    ■ 
■.■■■WKi"''' 


r 


4: 


:;  ■  li 


FORT    LA    PRESENTATION. 


103 


^ 


pass  into  tlie  hands  of  the 
English,  retired  from  La 
Presentation,  and  finally  re- 
turned to  France,  where  he 
died  in  1781.  In  the  Ab- 
be's journal  he  describes  his 
fort  as  being  situated  on 
"  the  west  side  of  the  river 
De  La  Presentation.  The 
cast  side  is  more  elevated, 
and  runs  by  a  gradual  in- 
clination into  an  amphithe- 
atre. A  beautiful  town 
could  hereafter  be  built 
here."  The  Abbe's  predic- 
tion has  been  realized,  and 
the  village  of  Ogdensburgh 
now  stands  on  this  site. 

In  1 81 2,  the  British  made 
an  unsuccessful  attack  upon 
this  place.  In  February, 
1813,  another  attack   was  *• 

made;  and  after  a  severe 

conflict,  the  Americans,  under  Major  Forsyth,  re- 
treated to  Black  Lake,  a  few  miles  distant.  The 
British  plundered  the  houses,  burnt  the  barracks,  and 
vessels,  and  boats,  and  attempted  to  burn  the  bridge 


H 

o 

CO 

n 


^ 

^ 


fi. 

r- 


104 


OGDENSBURUII. 


ever  the  Oswegatchie,  but  did  not  succeed,  on  account 
of  its  being  covered  with  snow  and  ice.  Among  the 
valuable  articles  lost  at  this  time,  were  two  long  twelve 
pounders,  won  by  General  Gates,  from  General  Bur- 
ooYNE,  at  Saratoga. 

Ogdensburgh  i^i  now  a  flourishing  town,  and  has 
increased  v^ry  rapidly  within  the  last  two  years.  The 
facilities  for  manufactures  are  very  considerable,  and 
within  a  few  years,  it  will,  no  doubt,  become  a  large 
manufacturing  town.  Here  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Northern  Railroad,  running  to  Rouse's  Point,  on  Lake 
Champlain,  a  distance  of  one  hundred  and  eighteen 
miles,  and  there  connecting  with  the  railroads  to  Bos- 
ton and  Montreal.  This  is  one  of  the  best  constructed 
roads  in  the  United  States ;  and  the  order  in  which  it 
is  kept,  and  the  able  manner  in  which  everything  con- 
nected with  it  is  conducted,  is  highly  creditable  to  all 
concerned  in  its  management 


;i  !i 


ill 


I;  -^^  I 


We  here  leave  the  beautiful  lake  steamers,  on 
which  we  have  thus  far  so  delightfully  journeyed,  and 
take  passage  on  a  smaller  one,  which  leaves  Ogdens- 
burgh in  the  morning,  and  runs  down  the  river,  over 
all  the  rapids,  directly  into  the  city  of  Montreal.  The 
size  of  these  steamers  is  necessarily  governed  by  the 
locks  through  which  they  are  obliged  to  pass  on  thei? 


\ 


[t 


WM  n 


I  Is 


Hi 


\ 


J* 


-liiin? 


^ 


i . 


'tii 


O 


b 
Mi  ilro 

/III    Ml"       *J 


I'r  O 


;::.,! 


ii'ii 


1 


I 


THE    UAP109. 


IGO 


return  up  the  river.  Before  these  canals  were  con- 
sLructed,  stoaniLrs  did  not  run  tiie  rapids,  as  they 
were  unable  to  ascend  against  the  current.  The  com- 
merce  was  then  carried  on  by  batteaux,  (large  llut- 
boats,)  which,  on  their  return,  were  towed,  by  horses, 
around  the  rapids. 

Parties  of  pleasure  often  chartered  these  boats, 
and,  laying  in  u  stock  of  provisions,  choice  wines,  (fee, 
procured  a  company  of  boatmen,  and  proceeded  on 
their  way  down  the  river.  Daylight  being  necessary 
to  run  the  rapids,  when  night  came,  they  would  go 
on  shore,  and  remain  till  mornino',  and  then  resume 
their  journey,  sometimes  consuming  three  or  four  days 
on  the  trip.  The  silence  of  the  scene  pleasantly 
broken  by  the  songs  of  the  French  "  voyageurs,"  who 
enliven  their  toil  by  singing ;  the  grandeur  of  the  rap- 
ids; the  antiquated  and  foreign  air  of  the  villages, 
rendered  these  excursions,  in  tine  weather,  exceeding- 
ly delightful.  This  passage  is  now  made,  in  a  fine 
steamboat,  in  nine  hours. 

Directly  opposite  Ogdensburgh  is  the  Canadian 
villao-e  of  Pkescott.  Here  is  a  strono*  fort  called 
after  the  Duke  of  Wellington.  About  a  mile  below 
the  village,  is  Windmill  Point,  of  which  the  accom- 
panying vignette  gives  a  correct  view. 

A  battle  was  fought  at  this  point  on  the  13th  of 
November,  ]8':I8,  between  the  Canadian  "Patriots,** 


ii 


I 


HO 


CHIMNEY    ISLAND. 


i!! 


uiulcr  the  command  of  Von  SiiuLTz,  a  Polish  exile, 
and  the  English  troops.  The  "  Patriots  "  landed  on 
the  12th,  and  succeeded  in  establishing  themselves  in 
the  Windmill,  and  the  stone  houses  adjacent.  After 
iighting  for  three  or  four  days,  a  few  made  their 
escape,  and  the  rest  surrendered.  The  buildings,  of 
which  the  walls  arc  still  standing,  were  then  burnt. 

About  four  miles  distant  is  the  first  rapid  of  the 
St.  Lawrence. 

In  the  midst  of  this  rapid  is  Chimney  Island  ;  so 
called  from  the  circumstance  that  several  chimneys 
are  still  standing?  here  which  belonged  to  an  old 
French  fortification.  * 

The  islands  between  Ogdensburgh  and  Montreal, 
f) resent  an  entirely  different  appearance  from  the 
thousand  islands,  the  soil  being  tillable,  and  many  of 
tliem  highly  cultivated. 

Eighteen  miles  below  Ogdensburgh,  we  pass  the 
village  of  Waddington.  Directly  in  front  of  it  is 
OuDEN  Island,  which  is  beautiful  and  finely  cultivated. 
Upon  it  is  the  residence  of  J.  Ogden,  Esq. 

Between  Ogdensburgh  and  Waddington  are  but 
two  rapids,  both  of  which  are  overcome  by  the  pas- 
senger steamers  in  ascending  the  river :  freight  steam- 
ers pass  through  the  canal.  The  steamer  stops  a  few 
moments  at  the  little  village  of  Williamsburgh,  on  the 
Canadian  side.    Just  below  this  place  is  Cryseler's 


\ 


MASSENA    SP RINGS. 


Ill 


Vxim,  where  a  battle  was  fuiight  on  the  lOlli  Novtiu- 
ber,  1813,  bi'twcrn  the,  English  and  the  Americans 
commantluJ  by  (Miieral  Wilkisox,  who,  at  that  tinu', 
was  duscL'ndini>;  tlie  jiv cr  to  aU^ick  Montn-ai ;  a  plan 
wliich  he  afterwai  1  abandoned,  and  for  Avhich  he  was 
severely  censured. 

The  boat  touches  at  a  wharf  in  the  town  of  Louis- 
ville, about  thirty  miles  below  Ogdciisburgh,  from 
which  there  are  stages  to  Massena  Si'uings,  a  distance 
of  seven  miles.  TJiese  springs  are  quite  celebrated 
for  the  cure  of  dyspeptics  and  those  afflicted  with 
cutaneous  disorders,  and  are  becoming  a  place  of 
great  resort. 

We  are  now  come  to  the  entrance  of  the  Long 
Sault.  This  is  a  rapid  of  nine  miles;  the  river  is 
divided,  by  an  island,  in  tlie  center;  tlie  usual  passage; 
of  the  steamers  is  on  the  south  side.  The  water  in 
this  channel  is  not  much  broken,  but  runs  with  great 
velocity,  and  the  passage  is  very  narrow;  it  is  said, 
that  a  raft  will  drift  the  nine  miles  in  forty  minutes. 
The  passage  on  the  north  of  the  island  is  called  the 
**Lost  Channel,"  a  name  given  to  it  from  the  fact  that 
for  many  years  it  was  believed  by  the  French  and 
English  boatmen,  that  if  a  batteau,  or  raft  accidentally 
drifted  into  it,  it  would  inevitably  be  lost.  Late 
examinations  have  been  made,  and  steamboats  have 
descended   this  channel,  but  the  water  being  very 


I  I 

I 


112 


ST.   REGIS. 


rough  and  broken,  and  the  current  exceedingly  rapid 
the  south  passage  is  run,  as  being  more  safe. 

Cornwall  is  a  line  town  situated  at  the  foot  of 
the  Lono'  Sault  on  the  Canadian  side.  Here  vessels 
on  their  way  up  the  river,  enter  the  Cornwall  canal 
and  are  locked  up  above  the  rapids  just  described, 
coming  out  into  the  river,  about  twelve  miles  above. 

A  little  below  Cornwall,  on  the  American  side  of 
the  river,  is  the  Indian  village  of  St.  Regis. 

The  45°  of  north  latitude,  the  boundary  line  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  Canada,  passes  through 
the  center  of  this  village;  and  from  this  point  the 
course  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  entirely  within  her 
Majesty's  dominions.  From  St.  Regis  to  Coteau  du 
Lac,  a  distance  of  forty  miles,  the  river  expands  very 
much,  and  receives  the  name  of  Lake  St.  Francis, 
and  is  intersperv«ed  with  many  beautiful  islands.  On 
the  northern  side  of  this  lake,  about  midway,  is  situ- 
ated the  village  of  Lancaster.  This  is  principally  a 
Scotch  settlement.  In  front  of  it,  on  a  small  island, 
stands  a  large  "  cairn,"  erected  in  honor  of  Sir  John 

COLBURN.  ^ 


\ 


Df 

;]& 
al 

d, 
e. 


le 
er 
lu 

[S, 

)n 

u- 

a 

d, 

IN 


\ 


r  t 

r?'    Ut 

H.  ■       ■     ' 

1' 

i 


COTSAU    DU    LAO. 


115 


COTEAU  DU  LAC. 


The  CoTEAu  is  a  small  village  at  which  the  steamers 
make  a  short  stop.  It  bears  unmistakable  evidence  of 
its  French  origin,  not  only  in  its  name,  but  in  the  style 
of  its  buildings.  Travelers  discern  a  great  diflference 
in  the  appearance  of  these  villages,  and  those  in  the 
Upper  Province.  The  former  are  clusters  of  steep- 
roofed  houses,  with  their  church  in  the  midst.  Along 
the  banks  of  the  river,  attention  is  often  attracted  by 
large  crosses  of  wood,  surrounded  by  a  railing ;  these 
are  erected  with  great  solemnity  under  the  supervision 
of  their  priests,  and  the  ground  enclosed  is  considered 
as  consecrated. 

Just  below  the  villao-e  are  the  Coteau  Rapids. 
These  are  much  heavier  than  any  yet  passed.  There 
is  but  a  short  space  of  unbroken  water  between  them 
and  the  Cedars. 

This  is  a  little  village,  possessing  the  same  marks  of 
French  origin  as  the  Coteau.  It  was  in  the  Rapids 
of  the  Cedars  that  a  detachment -of  three  hundred 
men,  belonging  to  General  Amherst's  brigade,  on 
their  way  to  attack  Montreal,  were  lost.    This  was 


116 


MILITARY  WORKS. 


owing  to  the  ignorance  and  unskillfulness  of  their 
pilots;  and  many  of  the  bodies  floated  past  Mon- 
treal, giving  the  French  the  first  intelligence  of  their 
being  on  the  river. 

During  the  Revolution,  the  Americans  constructed 
some  military  works  at  this  point,  and  it  was  garri- 
soned by  about  five  hundred  continental  troops,  under 
the  command  of  Colonel  Bedell.  An  expedition 
was  fitted  out  from  Oswegatchie,  under  the  command 
of  Captain  Forster,  and  attended  by  a  large  number 
of  Indians,  led  by  Tiiayendenega,  to  capture  this 
place.  Colonel  Bedell,  hearing  of  their  approach, 
went  to  Montreal  to  demand  assistance  of  General 
Arnold,  who  was  then  in  command,  leaving  the  fort 
at  the  Cedars  in  the  charge  of  Major  Butterfield. 
Two  days  after,  the  enemy  made  their  appearance 
and  commenced  an  attack.  Not  having  any  artillery, 
they  made  but  little  impression  upon  the  works ;  and 
at  the  end  of  two  days,  only  one  man  was  wounded ; 
"  yet,  Major  Butterfield,  intimidated  by  the  threat, 
that  if  any  Indians  were  killed,  it  would  be  out  of  the 
power  of  Captain  Forster  to  restrain  them  from  a 
massacre,  capitulated.  The  next  day.  Major  Sher- 
BUNE,  who  had  been  dispatched  by  General  Arnold, 
to  the  assistance  of  the  Americans,  approached,  with- 
out hearing  that  Major  Butterfield  had  surrendered. 
When  within  four  miles  of  the  Cedars,  he  was  attacked 


f 


i"»<e  • 


r 


THE    RAPIDS. 


117 


by  a  party  of  Indians,  and,  after  a  fight  of  an  hour, 
he  also  surrendered. 

Arnold,  hearing  of  these  misfortunes,  marched 
against  the  enemy,  then  at  Vaudriel,  intending  to 
attack  them,  and  recover  the  American  prisoners. 
"  When  preparing  for  the  engagement,  he  received  a 
flag,  accompanied  by  Major  Sherbune,  giving  him  the 
most  positive  assurances  that  if  he  made  an  attack,  it 
would  be  out  of  the  power  of  Captain  Forster  to 
prevent  the  savages,  according  to  their  custom,  from 
disincumbering  themselves  of  their  prisoners,  by  put- 
ting them  all  to  death.  Under  the  influence  of  this 
threat,  Arnold  desisted  from  his  purpose,"  and  suc- 
ceeded in  eff^ecting  an  exchange  of  prisoners,  on  the 
Americans  agreeing  to  return  immediately  to  their 
homes. 

A  passage  through  this  series  of  rapids  is  very  ex- 
citing, even  to  those  who  have  been  over  them  many 
times.  There  is  a  peculiar  motion  to  the  vessel,  in 
descending  them,  and  you  can  feel  her  settling  down, 
as  she  glides  from  one  ledge  to  another.  On  passing 
the  rapids  of  the  Split  Rock,  a  person  unacquainted 
with  the  navigation  of  these  rapids,  will  almost  invol- 
untarily hold  his  breath,  till  this  ledge  of  rocks,  which, 
from  the  shallowness  and  transparency  of  the  water, 
is  distinctly  seen  from  the  deck  of  *he  steamer,  is 
passed;  she  seems  to  be  running  directly  upon  it,  and 


118 


THE   RAPIDS. 


^ 

i 


V 


you  feel  certain  that  she  will  strike;  but  a  skillful 
hand  is  at  the  helm, — an  instant  more,  and  it  is  passed 
in  safety. 

Beauiiarnais  is  a  small  village  at  the  foot  of  the 
cascades,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  river.  Vessels 
liere  enter  the  Beauiiarnais  Canal,  which,  in  the  dis- 
tance of  fourteen  miles,  takes  them  around  the  rapids 
of  the  Cascades,  Cedars,  and  Coteau,  into  lake  St. 
Francis.  On  the  north  bank,  a  branch  of  the  Ottawa 
enters  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  water  of  this  river  i^; 
very  dark  colored,  and  docs  not  readily  mix  with  tliat 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  which  is  very  pure,  and  the  line 
of  distinction  between  them  can  be  traced  for  a  con- 
siderable distance.  The  river  aoain  widens  into  a 
lake,  called  St.  Louis,  and  a  view  is  now  had  of 
Montreal  mountain,  nearly  thirty  miles  distant 

In  passing  through  this  lake,  on  the  right  is  Nun's 
Island,  which  is  beautifully  cultivated,  and  belongs  to 
the  Grey  Nunner}'-,  at  Montreal.  It  is  easily  distin- 
guished by  a  long  monnd,  having  the  appcnrance  of 
being  artificial,  upon  the  south  end  of  which,  an  im- 
mense cross  is  erected.  There  are  many  islands  in 
the  vicinity  of  Montreal,  belonging  to  the  nunneries, 
and  from  which  they  derive  large  revenues.  After 
passing  lake  St.  Louis,  we  arrive  at  the  little  village  of 
La  CHINE. 

The  orio'in  of  this  name  is  said  to  have  been  from 


v>'^ 


» 

^ 
^ 


i 


CAUGIINAWACA. 


121 


the  following  incident:  When  the  French  first  as- 
cended the  river,  and  arrived  at  this  place,  the  open 
expanse  of  lake  St.  Louis  being  before  them,  led  them 
to  believe  that  the  way  to  China  was  open  to  them, 
and  the  exclamation  accordingly  was,  "  La  Chine !  la 
Chine ! "  At  this  place,  M.  De  La  Salle  once  estab- 
lished himself  as  a  fur-trader. 

From  this  point  is  a  railroad  running  to  Montreal,  a 
distance  of  nine  miles.  This  is  also  the  terminus  of 
the  Lachine  Canal,  by  which  vessels  avoid  the  Lachine 
rapids. 

Here,  too,  is  the  residence  of  Sir  George  Simpson, 
Governor  of  the  "  Hudson  Bay  Company,"  and  dis- 
tinguished as  a  traveler,  by  his  "  voyage  round  the 
world." 

On  the  south  bank  of  the  river,  just  before  en- 
tering the  Lachine  rapids,  is  the  Indian  village  of 
Caugiinawaga. 

This  town  was  built  in  1671,  by  Indians,  who  had 
been  converted  by  the  Jesuits,  and  were  called  "pray- 
ing Indians,"  or  Cauq-hnawaoas.  These  Indians,  du- 
ring  the  French  wars,  were  often  engaged  in  predatory 
incursions  upon  their  neighbors  in  the  New  England 
provinces.  On  one  of  these  excursions,  they  took 
possession  of  a  church-bell,  and  carried  it  on  poles,  on 
their  shoulders,  through  the  woods,  to  their  village  • 
and  this  bell  now  hanos  in  their  church. 


V  ■ 


122 


LA   PRAIRIE. 


The  Luchine  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  of  the 
rapids.  The  water  is  very  turbulent,  and  the  current 
very  swift.  After  passing  this  rapid,  we  see,  on  the 
left,  another  island,  belonging  to  the  nuns.  We  also 
pass  the  little  village  of  La  Prairie.  From  this  part 
of  the  river,  a  fine  view  is  had  of  the  mountain  and 
city  of  Montreal. 


\ 


i                        '        . 

f  the 

rrent 

i  the 

i' 

also 

part 

L  and 

, 

f-iSi 


I 

1 

1 

V, 


?. 


•\ 


^ 

V 

% 

AQ 


I 


MONTUEAL. 


126 


MONTREAL. 

Wli<  I  Jacques  Cartier  first  ascended  tlie  St.  Law- 
rence, in  1535,  lie  found,  o,t  this  place,  a  largo  Indian 
village,  called  Hociielaga. 

In  1540,  Francis  de  la  Roque  and  Seioneur 
De  Roberville,  visited  this  place  with  an  expedition, 
intending  to  make  a  permanent  settlement;  their  ex- 
pectations not  being  realized,  at  the  end  of  the  year 
ihey  returned  to  France.  There  now  seems  to  have 
been  a  lapse  of  over  fifty  years  in  the  French  disco\  - 
cries  in  Canada. 

CiiAMPLAiN  visited  the  country  in  1603.  In  1 040, 
the  converted  Indians  began  to  make  Montreal  their 
home;  and  in  1647,  a  grand  mass  and  festival  was 
celebrated. 

In  consequence  of  a  quaiTcl  between  the  French 
and  some  of  the  Indian  tribes,  a  large  body  of  the 
Five  Nations,  on  the  26th  of  July,  1688,  landed  on 
the  island  of  Montreal,  and,  while  the  Frencli  imao-- 
ined  themselves  in  perfect  security,  burnt  their  houses, 
and  massacred  men,  women,  and  children.  In  a  history 
of  the  province  of  New  York,  it  is  stated,  that "  a  thou- 
sand French  vrere  slain  in  this  invasion,  and  twenty-six 


(4 


"i 


irl 


I 


m 


126 


MONTREAL. 


Ji-  ; 


:l    ! 


were  curried  into  captivity  and  burned  alive.  Many 
more  were  made  prisoners  in  another  attack,  in  Octo- 
ber. Only  three  of  the  confederate  Indians  were  lost 
in  all  this  scene  of  misery  and  desolation." 

In  169C,  Count  Frontenac  left  Montreal,  with  a 
force  of  one  thousand  French  and  two  thousand  In- 
dians, on  an  expedition  agjiinst  the  Onondagas.  He 
succeeded  in  destroying  many  of  their  villages,  and 
then  returned  to  Montreal. 

This  was  the  headquarters  whence  issued  so  many 
parties  of  French  and  Indians,  who  continued  their 
attacks  upon  the  Enghsh,  till  the  conquest  of  Canaila. 
After  the  peace  of  17G3,  it  wiis  surrendered  to  the 
l*]nglish,  and  French  sovereignty  ceased  upon  this  con- 
tinent In  1775,  Montreal  was  surrendered  to  the 
Americans,  under  General  Montgomery,  and  the 
English  general,  Carleton,  retreated  to  Quebec. 

Montreal  being  the  headquarters  of  the  fur-traders, 
here  these  adventurous  navigators  took  in  a  cargo  of 
jvoods  suited  to  the  Indian  taste,  and  set  forth  on 
their  voyage  up  the  Ottawa,  into  the  midst  of  a 
wilderness.  The  idea  of  Moore's  well  known  "  Can- 
adian Boat  Song  "  originated  from  the  fact  of  these 
parties  stopping  at  St.  Ann's,  the  last  church  on  the 
island,  and  imploring  the  protection  of  their  tutelar 
saint.  These  expeditions  would  be  absent  a  year, 
sometimes  two,  and  even   three  years,  and   would 


PUR    COMPANY. 


lL'7 


the 


rrturn  frciulilctl  with  llu;  ricli  furs  of  the  west.  In 
th(!  •*  pahiiy  days  "  of  the  Fur  C(jni[);uiy,  tlie  return 
of  these  parti*  s  to  Montreal  j)r(.'si'nti'(l  an  cxcitinL!; 
scene.  Pleasure  and  revehy^  took  the  place  of  labor 
and  watclifuhiess;  and,  in  n  siiort  time,  the  fruits  of 
tlieir  toil  being  dissipated,  they  were  ready  again  to 
go  forth  upon  an  expedition  so  fraught  with  dangei-, 
difliculty,  and  privations, 

Mr.  McTavisii,  an  inlUiential  member  of  this  com- 
pany, was  the  person  to  whom  the  httlo  colony  of 
Astoria  —  founded  })y  John  Jacob  Astoii — on  the 
banks  of  the  Columbia,  was  surrendered  bv  the  Amer- 
icans,  in  1812.  Ilis  former  residence,  now  entire  Iv' 
deserted,  and  enjoying  the  reputation  of  a  "  haunt*  d 
house,"  is  situated  on  the  road  running  around  the 
mountain ;  and  his  grave  is  in  the  Avoods,  a  short  dis- 
tance up  the  mountain,  and  a  small  nKjnument  is  thert; 
erected  to  his  memory. 

The  quays  of  Montreal  are  the  finest  on  this  conti- 
nent, and  equal  to  any  in  the  old  world;  tlu^y  are 
constructed  of  solid  masonry  in  cut  stone,  and  are 
about  a  mile  in  length. 

A  few  years  ago,  Montreal  was  deficient  in  liotels, 
and  visitors  found  much  inconvenience  from  this  cause. 
This  has  been  thoroughly  remedied,  and  the  city  nov/ 
abounds  in  fine  ones,  where  every  comfort  can  be  found. 

No  one  should  omit  a  ride  round  the  mountain; 


128 


MONTREAL. 


tliis  is  over  a  fine  McAdamizcd  road,  and  passes  many 
delightful  residences.  From  the  mountain,  the  view 
of  the  city  of  Montreal,  with  its  immense  cathedral, 
the  St.  Lawrence  with  its  islands,  and  the  distant 
mountain  scenery,  form  a  picture  worthy  the  pencil 
of  a  true  artist. 

The  streets  in  the  old  part  of  Montreal  are  very 
narrow,  and,  even  in  some  of  the  principal  ones,  the 
stranger  finds  himself  wondering  when  he  shall  get 
out  of  the  lanes  and  by-ways,  and  emerge  into  the 
street.  The  houses  being  very  high,  seem  to  render 
them  still  more  narrow.  The  new  part  of  the  city 
has  been  laid  out  in  the  modern  style,  with  wide 
streets,  and  is  well  built 


The  Cathedral  of  Montreal  is  an  immense  building, 
capable  of  holding  fifteen  thousand  persons.  It  is 
built  of  granite,  and  the  exterior  is  very  imposing; 
but  the  interior  is  not  finished  in  a  corresponding 
style,  the  pillars  being  imitation  marble. 

Near  the  cathedral  is  the  "Black  Nunnery."  Visitors 
are  not  allowed  to  go  farther  than  the  Hospital;  they 
nowever  can  obtain  admission  into  the  "Grey  Nunnery," 
jituated  a  few  streets  nearer  the  river;  this  is  inter- 
esting to  a  stranger.  No  regular  charge  is  made  for 
showinsf  visitors  throuq-h  the  establishment;  but  it  is 
expected  they  will  purchase  some  of  the  little  fancy 
articles  made  by  the  inmates. 


N  E  L  S  0  n's   monument. 


120 


I 


The  Bishop's  Church,  at  the  distance  of  a  short  ride 
from  the  cathedral,  is  a  liandsome  edifice,  and  contains 
many  paintings.  The  convent  of  the  Sisters  of  Cliar- 
ity  is  at  this  place,  and  visitors,  except  on  certain  days, 
arc  allowed  an  entrance. 

A  monument,  erected  to  the  memory  of  Lord  Nel- 
son, stands  on  Notre  Dame  street,  on  the  square 
opposite  the  entrance  to  the  Place  d'Armes. 

Opposite  the  lower  part  of  the  city  is  the  island  of 
St.  Helen  ;  the  upper  end  of  this  is  crowned  by  a  fine 
grove  of  forest  trees,  and  on  the  lower  end  is  a  strong 
fortification,  commanding  the  passage  of  the  river. 

The  Quebec  steamers  usually  leave  in  the  evening 
making  the  passage  each  way  in  the  night.  They, 
however,  leave  each  end  of  the  route  so  early,  that 
passengers  have  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  most 
interesting  points  on  the  river. 

A  small  rapid,  called  Sr.  Marys,  is  just  below  St 
Helen's  island,  which,  though  it  occasions  no  incon- 
venience to  steamers,  often  retards  sail  vessels  in 
ascendino*. 

William  Henry,  or  Sorel,  forty -five  miles  below 
Montreal,  stands  on  the  site  of  an  old  fort,  built  in 
1GG5.  In  May,  1776,  the  fort  at  this  place  was  taken 
and  occupied  by  a  body  of  Americans,  on  their  retreat 
from  Quebec,  after  the  death  of  Montgomery. 

Lake  St.  Peter  is  fifty  miles  below  Montreal.    The 


130 


THREE    RIVERS. 


river  here  expands  to  twelve  or  fifteen  miles  in  breadth, 
for  twenty-five  miles. 

Three  Rivers,  half  way  between  Montreal  and 
Quebec,  is  situated  on  the  north  side  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence. Tliis  is  an  old  town,  having  been  erected  by 
the  French  in  1GI8. 


1^^ ' 

1"  ij 

f 


l-i 


u 

u 

0 
U 
ti 
& 

I 

o 

o 


a. 


QUEBEC. 


1.3;} 


QUEBEC. 

In  1535,  Cartieii  took  solemn  possession  of  the 
country  at  this  point,  by  erecting-  a  cnjss,  decorated 
-with  a  shield  bearing  the  lilies  of  France,  whither  ho 
then  sailed.  In  1541,  he  returned,  and  built  a  fort 
on  the  present  site  of  Quebec. 

The  city  of  Quebec  was  founded  by  Samuel  Cham- 
plain,  in  1608.  In  1G22,  the  population  was  reduced 
to  lifty  souls.  At  this  time,  a  company  was  formed 
in  the  mother  country,  called  the  "  Company  of  New 
France."  The  object  of  this  company  was  the  con- 
version of  the  Indians,  by  the  aid  of  the  Jesuits ;  the 
extension  of  the  fur  trade;  and  to  find  a  short  passaoc 
to  China  and  the  East  Indies,  through  the  rivers  and 
lakes  of  New  France.  The  king  presented  this  com- 
pany with  two  ships,  on  condition  that  the  value  of 
them  should  be  refunded,  if,  within  ten  years,  fifteen 
*iundred  French  inhabitants  were  not  transported  to 
the  country.  For  the  first  few  years,  this  colony  suf- 
fered severely  from  the  hostility  of  the  Iroquois. 

In  1629,  Sir  David  Keith,  in  the  employ  of  the 
British  crown,  sailed  up  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  made 
the  conquest  of  Quebec.     The  treaty  of  St.  Germain, 


131 


QUEBEC. 


'  v.. 


f 

''''  '^-m 

( 

( 

f.V;; 

f 

i   '4   0'^ 

a  1^,  jB 

I: 

1 

p  i-V"'    . 

1 

liii: 

cuiicluded  soon  afler,  restored  to  France,  Quebec  and 
her  otlicr  American  possessions. 

From  this  time  till  1C97,  history  furnishes  us  Avith 
records  of  Indian  fights,  and  barbaiities  perpetrated 
upon  each  other  by  the  French  and  English.  The 
Indians,  with  their  usual  policy,  determined  to  take 
part  permanently  with  neither  party,  and  accordingly 
extended  their  aid  to  one  or  the  other,  as  caprice  or 
inclination  dictated.  « 

In  June,  1759,  the  English  army,  under  General 
Wolfe,  landed  upon  the  island  of  Orleans.  He  then 
took  possession  of  Point  Levi,  on  the  southern  bank 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  erected  several  heavy  bat- 
tei'ies,  bearing  directly  upon  the  town.  By  these,  sev- 
eral houses  Avcre  burned :  but  not  much  impression 
was  made  upon  the  fortifications,  they  being  so  strong, 
and  the  distance  so  great.  General  Wolfe  became 
sensible  that  there  w^ere  no  hopes  of  success,  unless 
lie  could  erect  batteries  on  the  north  shore  of  the 
river.  He  attempted  to  capture  the  entrenchments 
at  MoNTMORENCi,  and  succeeded  in  landing  his  troops 
under  cover  of  the  fire  from  his  ships,  but  was  gal- 
lantly repulsed  by  the  French.  He  then  determined 
to  carry  the  Heights  of  Abraham. 

On  the  12tli  of  September,  the  ships  sailed  nine 
miles  up  the  river  to  Cape  Rouge  ;  this  deceived  the 
French,  and  a  large  detachment  was  sent  up  the  "V'qv 


\ 


QUEBEC. 


135 


!d 


to  prevent  tlieir  landinf:^.  In  the  mean  time,  the  sliips 
had  dropped  doAvn  the  river  to  Wolfe's  Covr,  and  at 
four  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  troops  began  to  land. 

The  ^larquis  De  Montcalm,  hearing  the  English 
had  landed  on  the  Plains  of  Abraham,  and  believing 
it  impossible  to  be  accomplished  by  the  whole  army, 
supposed  it  was  merely  a  stratagem  to  draw  him  from 
his  strong  position  at  Montmorenci.  Finding  that 
it  was  really  the  case,  he  crossed  the  St.  Charles, 
and  formed  his  army  for  battle.  There  were  about 
fifteen  himdred  militia  and  Indians  sheltered  in  some 
bushes,  who  poured  a  destructive  fire  upon  the  Eng- 
lish. **  Montcalm  had  taken  post  on  the  left  of  the 
French  army,  and  Wolfe  upon  the  right  of  the  Eng- 
lish, so  that  the  two  generals  met  at  the  head  of  their 
i\3speciivc  troops." 

Soon  after  the  commencement  of  thu  battle,  Wolfe 
i\.'ceived  a  wound  in  the  wrist;  this  he  concealed. 
Shortly  after,  he  received  another  in  the  groin ;  this 
too  was  concealed,  and  he  was  advancing  at  the  head 
of  his  grenadiers  when  a  third  bullet  entered  his 
breast  "Though  expiring,  it  was  with  reluctance 
he  permitted  himself  to  be  conveyed  into  the  rear, 
where,  careless  of  himself,  he  discovered  in  the  ago- 
nies of  deatli,  the  most  anxious  solicitude  concerning 
the  fete  of  the  day.  Being  told  that  the  enemy  was 
visibly  broken,  he  reclined  liis  head,  from  extreme 


130 


DEATH    OF    WOLFE. 


Ml   < 


hi* 

111   1  L 


I.    I 


I'l 


'll 

lill 


faintucss,  on  the  arm  of  an  ollicer  standing'  noar  him, 
but  was  fc;oon  aroused  with  tlie  distant  sound  of  "Tiiey 
riy,  tliey  fly."  "Who  fly  ?"  asked  tlie  dying  lu!ro. 
On  being  answered,  the  French,  "  Tlien,"  said  he,  "  1 
depart  content,"  and  almost  immediately  expired. 

Less  fortunate,  but  not  less  gloriously,  expired  the 
•••allant  Montcalm.  About  the  same  time  he  received 
u  wound,  and  on  being  told  that  it  was  mortal,  and 
that  but  a  few  hours  of  life  remained  to  him,  he 
♦expressed  the  greatest  satisfaction,  and  exclaimed,  "So 
much  the  better!  I  shall  not  live  to  see  the  surrender 
of  Quebec." 

After  the  loss  of  General  Wolfe,  the  battle  was 
continued  by  General  Monckton;  and,  upon  his  be- 
ing wounded,  the  command  devolved  upon  General 
TowNsiiEND.  The  French  soon  after  were  driven 
fiom  the  ground. 

General  Townshend,  after  the  battle,  employed 
himself  in  making  preparations  for  the  siege  of  Quebec, 
but,  before  his  batteries  were  opened,  the  town  capit- 
ulated. A  force  of  five  thousand  men,  under  General 
^Murray,  were  left  to  garrison  the  fort,  and  the  fleet 
sailed  out  of  the  St  LaAvrence. 

In  17  GO,  the  French  made  preparations  to  besiege 
Quebec,  and  a  battle  had  already  taken  place,  when  a 
large  English  fleet  arrived,  and  the  French  retreated 
to  Montreal.     Thus  ended  this  eventful  war. 


ATTACK    ON    QUEnEC. 


13: 


TIk*  body  of  Oonenil  Wolfe  was  taken  to  England. 
That  of  tlu*  Manpiis  Montcalm  "was  interred  in  the 
chapel  in  the  Ursuiine  Convent,  A  simple  monument 
was  erected  bearing  the  fuUowing  inscription: 


noXXKlH  A  MOJiTCALM. 


LK   DKSTIN  EJ(  LUI  DEROIIANT  LA  VICTOIUE 


LA    UECOMI'KXSE   PAH   UNE   MOKT   GLOHIF.fSK. 


ed 


'cre 

n  a 
.ted 


A  monument  is  erected  to  the  memory  of  both 
these  heroes,  in  a  pleasant  place  called  GovEUNOu'y 
Gaiiden. 

In  1775,  General  Washington  hcarinj;  that  a  lar^e 
poition  of  the  English  army  "was  concentrated  a!)out 
Montreal,  projected  an  attack  against  Quebec;  and  in 
order  to  accomplish  this  ho  determined  to  send  a 
body  of  men  to  reinforce  General  Montgomery,  then 
at  Montreal.  Their  route  was  to  ascend  the  Kenebec, 
and  strike  across  to  the  Dead  river,  and  follow  this 
stream  till  they  could  again  cross  the  forest  and  reach 
the  headwaters  of  the  Chaudiere,  emptying  into  the 
St.  Lawrence.  So  great  were  the  delays  in  starting, 
owing  to  the  derangements  in  the  army,  that  they 
did  not  commence  their  march  till  the  middle  of 
September.  The  command  of  the  troops  was  given 
to  General  Arnold.  The  impediments  were  such 
that  he  did  not  reach  Point   Levi  till   the   9th  of 


138 


ATTACK    ON   QUEBEC. 


m 


->    t 

>■ 

■  Vf 

1^' 

i^i 

M*  ' 

M"' 

■5: 

i  ' 

Novumber.  TIk;  town  was  almost  without  a  garrison, 
and  tlio  inlwibitants  would  as  soon  have  expected 
to  see  an  army  descend  from  the  clouds,  as  to  emerge 
from  tlie  wilderness  througli  which  they  liad  just  made 
their  way.  Could  Aunold  have  immediately  crossed 
the  St.  Lawrence  he  would  liavc  easily  obtained  pos- 
session of  the  town,  but  a  violent  storm  was  prevailing, 
and  before  this  abated,  and  a  sufficient  number  of 
boats  could  be  collected,  the  garrison  was  strongly 
reinforced. 

On  the  12th  the  wind  moderated  and  Arnold 
embarked,  and  after  infinite  difficulty  and  danger, 
landed  with  his  little  army  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
above  where  Wolfe  had  disembarked.  Finding  the 
cliffs  at  this  point  impracticable,  he  marched  down  the 
river  to  Wolfe's  Cove.  Ascending  the  precipice  up 
which,  sixteen  years  before,  Wolfe  and  his  brave 
followers  had  clambered,  he  formed  his  small  corps  on 
the  Heiohts  of  Abraham. 

Arnold  proposed  to  march  immediately  against 
Quebec,  in  hopes  of  finding  some  one  of  the  gates 
open ;  this  opinion  was  overruled,  the  expectation  of 
finding  the  garrison  off  its  guard  being  deemed  too 
improbable  to  be  calculated  upon.  It  was  afterward 
found  that  the  gate  called  St.  Johns  was  very  slightly 
guarded,  and  could  easily  have  been  entered.  Arnold 
concluded  at  last,  to  retire  to  Point  au  Trembles, 


^1 


DKATII    OF    MONTOOMEIIV. 


130 


ts, 


nntl  uwiiit  the  arrival  of  Montcjomeiu'.  The  laltiT 
liaviiiL;-  clolhccl  liis  ahnost  naked  troops  in  Montreal, 
and  procured  clolhes  for  those  in  AuNOLD't?  command, 
garrisoned  tho  place,  and  prcjceeded  to  Point  au  Trem- 
bles, and  joining;  Arnold,  marched  to  (Quebec. 

It  was  mm  in  the  deplh  (»f  a  Canadian  winter,  and 
the  liardsiups  which  the  troops  were  oblige  d  io  un- 
dergo, Averc  excessive ;  but  they  were  su])ported  with 
t]i(!  utmost  patience  and  firmness. 

Cieneral  Montgomeuv  determined  to  make  an  at- 
tcick;  and  accordingly,  on  tiie  31st  of  December,  tlie 
signal  was  given,  and  the  tro(jps  moved  forward  to 
the  assault  Montgomeuv  advanced,  at  the  head  of 
tlie  New  York  troops,  along  the  St.  Lawrence,  under 
Cape  Diamond.  Along  this  narrow  path  the  Amer- 
icans pressed  forward  until  they  reached  a  block- 
house and  picket.  The  general,  with  his  own  hands, 
assist(!d  in  cutting  down  and  pulling  up  the  pickets, 
to  open  a  passage  for  his  troops.  lie  now  fountl  it 
absolutely  necessary  to  make  a  bait,  and  collect  a  force 
with  which  he  might  venture  to  proceed.  Having 
reassembled  about  two  hundred  men,  he  advanced 
boldly  and  rapidly  at  their  head  to  force  the  barrier. 
One  or  two  persons  had  now  returned  to  the  deserted 
battery,  and  one  of  them,  seizing  a  match,  discharged 
one  of  the  guns  when  the  ADjcrican  force  was  distant 
about  forty  paces.     This  single  and  accidental  tiro 


110 


ATTACK  ON   QUEBEC. 


It 


was  a  fatal  one.  General  Montgomekv,  Ca])tains 
McPiiKKsoN  and  Cheesemax,  the  former  the  aid  to 
the  general,  and  his  orderly  sergeant,  were  killed  on 
the  s^jot.  The  luss  of  their  general,  discouraged  the 
troops,  and  they  preeipitutely  retired  fj'oni  the  action. 

The  division  of  Arnold  moved  along  the  street  St 
Roque.  The  path  was  so  narrow,  from  the  works  of 
the  enemy,  and  the  blocks  of  ice  thrown  from  the  St. 
Charles,  that  the  two  pieces  of  artillery  in  front  were 
capable  of  raking  the  whole  ground.  As  Aunold 
approached  the  barrier,  he  received  a  musket  ball  in 
the  leg,  which  shattered  the  bone,  and  he  was  carried 
to  the  hospital.  Colonel  Morgan  then  rushed  for- 
ward, at  the  head  of  his  company,  and  endeavored  to 
capture  the  barrier.  After  a  severe  contest  he  found 
they  were  unable  to  cope  with  the  numbers  of  the 
enemy,  and  they  surrendered  themselves  prisoners. 

The  Americans,  under  Arnold,  retired  about  three 
miles  from  the  city,  and  there  remained  through  the 
winter.  In  the  spring,  Ar.vold  retired  to  Montreal, 
and  General  Thomas  took  the  command.  In  May  a 
British  fleet  arrived,  and  General  Thomas  retreated 
up  the  river,  leaving  many  of  his  sick  to  fall  into  the 
bands  of  the  enemy.  Thus  ended  this,  as  it  has  since 
proved,  last  attempt  to  capture  Quebec. 

This  city  is  very  interesting  to  a  stranger;  it  is  the 
only  walled  city  in  the  Canadas,  and  one  feels  on 


11-. 


FALL    OF    MONTMORENCI. 


141 


« 


pjussiiio-  the  gateways,  and  being  shut  in  by  the  pon- 
derous o-.itc's,  cis  thouiih  he  were  enterinLj;  some  sort 
of  prison.     There  are  live  of  those  gates. 

Cape  Diamond,  upon  ■which  the  citadel  stands,  is 
three  hundred  and  foi-ty-(ive  feet  in  height,  and  derives 
its  name  from  the  quantity'  of  crystals  mixed  with  the 
jrranite  behjw  its  surface.  The  fortress  includes  the 
whole  space  on  the  cape. 

Above  the  spot  whore  General  Montgomkry  was 
killed,  is  now  the  inclined  plane,  running  to  the  top  of 
the  bank ;  it  is  five  hundred  feet  long,  and  is  used  by 
the  li'overnment  to  convey  stores,  and  other  articles 
of  great  weight,  to  the  fortress.  Strangers  are  allowed 
to  enter  this  fortress,  by  procuring  tickets  from  the 
proper  authorities. 

A  riuv.  to  the  Plains  of  Abraham  is  one  of  the 
most  interesting  visits  about  this  celebrated  city;  a 
rock  is  there  pointed  out,  as  the  spot  where  General 
AVolfe  expired.  There  are  four  martello  towers, 
forty  feet  in  height,  standing  upon  the  plain,  about 
half  a  mile  in  advance  of  the  other  fortifications. 

Seven  miles  below  Quebec  is  the  Fall  of  Montmo- 
RExci.  The  road  is  very  pleasant,  passing  through 
the  French  village  of  Beaufort.  Those  who  expect 
to  see  a  second  Niagara,  will  be  very  much  disap- 
pointed. The  stream  descends,  in  silvery  threads, 
over  1  precipice  two  hundred  and  forty  feet  in  height. 


142 


CASTLE   ST.   LOUIS. 


'  i 


und,  in  connection  with  the  surrounding  scenery,  is 
extremely  picturesque  and  beautiful,  but  inspires  none 
of  tlie  awe  felt  at  Nijiuara. 

The  French  (Catholic)  Church  is  a  spacious  stone 
building,  and  the  interior  is  decorated  with  some  fine 
paintings.  Since  the  destruction  of  the  Convent  at 
CiiAULESTowN,  Mass.,  Americans  are  not  allowed  en- 
trance to  the  Ursuline  Convent.  It  is  the  more  to  be 
regretted,  from  the  fact  that  the  grave  of  Montcalm 
is  in  their  chapel. 

Castle  St.  Louis,  probably  the  first  public  building 
in  Quebec,  the  corner  stone  of  which  was  laid  by 
CiiAMPLAiN,  on  the  Cth  of  May,  1G24,  was  destroyed 
by  lire  on  the  23d  of  January,  1834.  By  the  ordeis 
of  Lord  Durham,  the  site  of  this  castle  was  cleared  of 
the  niins  that  covered  it,  leveled,  and  floored  with 
wood,  and  an  iron  railing  placed  on  the  edge  of  the 
precipice,  making  a  very  delightful  pr^mienade.  The 
view  from  it  commands  the  lower  town,  the  St  Law- 
rence as  far  down  as  the  island  of  Orleans,  the  harbor 
with  its  ships,  and  Pouit  Levi  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river. 


\B   '■ 


m  'H I 


ROUTE    FROM   MONTREAL. 


143 


ROUTE  FROM  MONTREAL  TO  SARATOGA  THROUGH 
LAKE  CHAVirLAIX. 

Opposite  Montreal,  and  connected  by  a^  ferry,  is 
the  depot  where  the  cars  are  taken  fur  Rouse's  Point, 
passing  through  the  vilhige  of  St.  Johns.  This  place 
was  besieged  and  captured  by  the  Americans,  in  1775. 

Lake  CiiAMi'LAiN  received  its  name  from  Samuel 
CiiAMPLAiN,  who  discovered  it  in  1G08.  One  of  the 
Indian  names  given  to  it  was  Canaiueri-Guakunte, 
signifying  the  mouth  or  door  of  the  country.  Another 
was  Petawa-bouque,  signifying  alternate  land  and 
water 

Rouse  s  Point  is  the  termination  of  the  Ogdons- 
burgh  Railroad,  and  there  is  an  immense  depot  direct!) 
at  the  steamboat  landing.  Here,  passengers  for  Bos- 
ton can  take  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad ;  or,  if  they 
desire  a  sail  on  Lake  Champlain,  can  go  to  Burlington, 
and  there  take  the  Burlinoton  and  Rutland  Railroad. 

Plattsburgii,  on  the  west  side  of  the  lake,  is  a 
liandsome  town,  and  is  celebrated  as  the  scene  of 
McDoNouoii's  victoiy,  on  the  11th  of  September  1814. 
The  Legislature  of  New  York  presented  Commodore 


144 


FORT   ST.   FREDERICK. 


McDoNOUGii  with  a  farm  of  one  hundred  acres,  situ- 
ated upon  Cumberland  Head. 

Burlington  is  situated  upon  the  Vermont  side  of 
the  hike.  It  is  built  upon  a  slope  rising  gradually 
from  the  water,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest  towns 
on  the  route. 

Crown  Point,  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the 
lake,  is  now  a  ruin.  It  was  built  by  the  French,  in 
1731,  and  called  Fort  St.  Frederick.  In  1759,  it 
was  taken  by  General  Amherst,  and  held  by  the 
English  till  1775,  when  it  was  taken  by  Colonel 
Warner  —  the  same  day  that  Colonel  Allen  took 
Ticonderoga. 


/ 


FORT   TICONDEROOA. 


145 


f 

S 

e 

n 

it 

le 

el 

)k 


/ 


TICONDEROGA. 

The  ruins  of  old  Fort  Ticonderoga  are  situated 
on  a  peninsula,  formed  by  Lake  Champlain  and  the 
outlet  of  Lake  George.  The  Indian  name  was  Ciieon- 
DEROGA,  and  was  slightly  changed  by  the  French  to 
its  present  appellation.  This  post  was  built  by  the 
French  in  1756.  Mount  Independence,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  lake,  was  also  fortified,  and  remiiins  of  some 
of  the  old  works  can  still  be  seen. 

In  1759  this  post  was  evacuated  by  the  French, 
and  the  English  occupied  it.  They  retained  possession 
of  it  till  1775,  when  it  was  surprised  and  taken  on 
the  10th  of  May,  by  the  Americans,  under  Colonel 
Ethan  Allen.  "  The  commandant  of  the  fort  was 
surprised  in  his  bed  by  Allen,  Arnold,  and  a  few  of 
their  followers,  who  had  entered  by  a  subterranean 
passage,  and  made  themselves  masters  of  it,  without 
any  loss.  On  being  ordered  to  surrender,  he  asked, 
by  what  authority  he  was  required  to  do  so :  Allen 
replied,  *I  demand  it  in  the  name  of  the  great  Jehovah, 
and  of  the  Continental  Congress.* "  The  Congress, 
however,  knew  nothing  of  the  matter,  its  first  meeting 
beinjT  held  some  hours  after  this  transaction. 

In  1777,  the  British  army,  under  General  Burgoyne, 


146 


LAKE    GEORGE. 


on  their  route  to  Saratoga,  appeared  before  this  post. 
They  erected  a  battery  on  Mount  Defiance,  which  is 
elevated  seven  hundred  and  twenty  feet  above  the 
lake,  cind  completely  commanded  the  fort.  General 
3  \  Clair  was  forced  to  evacuate  it ;  the  Americans 
never  retook  it,  and  it  was  suffered  to  go  to  decay. 

The  Champlain  boats  proceed  up  the  lake  to  White- 
hall. Those  desirous  of  seeing  Lake  George,  leave 
the  boat  here,  and  are  conveyed  in  carriages  a  distance 
of  three  miles  and  a  half,  to  the  "Lake  George 
Steamboat  Landing." 

This  lake  is  celebrated  for  its  romantic  and  varied 
scenery,  and  the  transparency  of  its  waters.  It  is 
thirty-six  miles  long,  and  from  two  to  three  miles  in 
width.  It  was  called  Lac  Sacrament,  by  the  French, 
on  account  of  the  purity  of  its  waters.  The  Indian 
name  was  Horicon. 

The  steamer  runs  to  Caldwell,  at  the  south-west 
end  of  the  lake.  This  is  the  site  of  Fort  William 
Henry,  and  was  the  scene  of  the  massacre  which  took 
place  on  the  lOtli  of  August,  1756,  and  left  such  a 
stain  upon  the  memory  of  Montcalm,  that  it  was 
scai'cely  erased  t/  his  glorious  death  upon  the  plains 
of  Abraham. 

The  road  from  Caldwell  to  Glen's  Falls,  is  through 
a  wild  country,  abounding  in  historical  incidents  of  tlio 
old  French  war,  and  of  the  Revolution. 


FAREWELL. 


147 


Shortly  after  leaving  Caldwell,  we  pass  Bloody 
Pond,  into  which,  after  un  engaocment  in  September 
1755,  the  bodies  of  a  thousand  Trench  and  Enolish 
were  thrown.  From  Caldwell  passengers  arc  conl'ey- 
ed  to  Sandy  Hill,  by  stages,  and  thence  by  railroad 
to  Saratoga. 

Wc  now  take  leave  of  you,  who  have  journeyed  so 
far  with  us,  hoping  that  we  have  whiled  away  some 
few  moments  that  might  otherwise  perhaps  have  been 
tedious;  and,  wishing  you  renewed  health  from  thy 
sparkling  waters  of  Saratoga,  and  r.  pleasant  return  to 
your  homes,  we  say  —  Farewell  ! 


TABLES  OF  DISTANCES 


DISTANCES  BETWEEN  BUFFALO  AND  QTJlLjiSC 
By  the  United  States  Mail  Line. 


it 


DOWN. 
Buflalo, 0. 

Niagara  Falls, -.  22. 

Lewiston, 7. 

Yonncslown, 7. 

RiicMesier, 7;'. 

Oswego, CO. 

fackeita  Harbor, 42. 

Kiii2ston, 3S. 

Clayton, i22. 

AlxHav 12. 

Brorkville, 21. 

Oirtlciipburgh 12. 

Gallop  Rapi.ls,^^ 

l)e  Place     do.    ^  "ciwecn 

Matilda, 16. 

Willianisliursh, 7.. 

Clirysciei'a  Va.vni  bat-  ? 

tie    ground,.. i 

Louisville, -    7 

Long  Sauli  Rapids, 

Cornwall, 17. 

St.  Regis,  (Indian,) 4. 

Lancaster, 16. 

Coteau  l)u  Lac, 20. 

Cotcau  Rapids,  ) 

Cedar       do.     >  between 

Cascades  do.     5 

La  Chine, 38. 

Lachine  Rapids, 

Montreal........ 9. 

Quebec,; 180. 


.  22 

.  29 
.  36 
111 
.171 
.213 
.2r)l 
.273 
.2.'^5 
.3(19 
,321 


,337 
344 


.351 

.308 
372 

3.S.S 
408 


.446 

.455 
.635 


UP. 
Quebec G 

Montreal, 180     180 

La  Chine, 9    189 

Beauharnais, IS    207 

Coteau  DuLac, 20,  .227 

Lancaster, 20-.2*l7 

St.  Regis 16. .-^^.3 

Coniwall, 4.-267 

VVilliiMnsburgh, 24.-291 

Matilda, 7-. 298 

OadtMisburirh, 16- -314 

Brockville," 12.. 326 

AlxBay, 24. .350 

Clayton, 12..362 

Kinirston, 22.-3*1 

Siicketts  Harbor, 38-.422 

Osweiio 42.-464 

Rochester, 60.-524 

Lewiston, --- . 82- -606 

Niairara   Fails, 7.. 613 

Buflalo, 22..635 


TABLES    OF   DISTANCES. 


140 


BUFFALO  AND  QUEBEC, 


By  Amerioan  Express  Lina 


bOWS. 

niifTalo 0. 

Niagam  l-'ulls, 2>. 

Lcwiston, 7. 

Toronttt 42. 

Capo  Vincent, 170. 

Clayton.    1"^. 

Alx  IJiiv, 12. 

Ilmckvillo, Ut. 

Ogileiisburjih, 12. 

Gallop  llapiilrf, > 

Ue  Plan, 5 

Matilda,  Ifi. 

Williamsbiirixli, 7. 

Chryseltii'a   Farm    bat-    ) 

lit!  ground, 5 

Louif'ville, 7- 

Lonir  Sault  llapids, 

Cornwall, 17. 

St.  Kegis,  (Indian,) 4. 

Lancaster, 1(3. 

Coteaii  (111  Lac, 2U. 

Cotcau  llapids, 

Cedar       do 

Cascades  do.     .... 

La  Chine, 43. 

llapids, 

Moittreal, 9. 

Quebec, IdO. 


UP. 


'.  iiO 
71 
211 
,'J.V.) 
,271 
,21).') 
,3U7 


.337 

.3r>s 

.371 

,3y-i 


.432 

.441 
.G21 


Quebec, ......    0.. 

Montreal, 180..I80 

La  Cbine, 1L.1H9 

Hcaiiliarnai.'^, l>i..2(J7 

Coleaii  dii  Lac, ao..'.^ 

Lancaster, 2<)..'Ji7 

at.  Ileitis,  (Indian,) lG..2f>3 

Coniwall, 4. .2(37 

Loni.svillf 17..2S.1 

Williatii.sLMirgh, 7-291 

Matilda, 7..2'.»8 

Oirdensburirh, 16. .314 

MnH-kville, 12..32C. 

Al.\  Hiiv, 21. .350 

ClitvtiMi, 12.. 3(12 

("^ape  Vincent, H..:t-^ 

Toronto, 17(»..rir)0 

Lewislon, 42..r>'.t2 

Niagara  Fulls, 7.-599 

Uullalo, 22..C21 


NIAGARA  FALLS  AND  NEW  YORK, 
Via  Oswego,  by  United  States  Mail  Line. 


EAST. 

Niacfira  Falls, 0.. 

Lewiston, 7..    7 

Youngstown, 7..  14 

llochcstcr, 75..  S9 

Oswe!?o, 60.. 149 

Syracuse, 35.. 181 

Home, 38. .222 

Utica, 15. .237 

Herkimer, 15..252 

Little  Falls (J..258 

St.  .lohnsvillc, 10..2(;,S 

Fort  Plain G..274 

Palatine  Bridge, 3. .277 

Fonda I1..2,S.S 

Amsterdam, 11.. 299 

Schenectady, 16.. 315 

Albany, 16..331 

NewYojk, 147..478 


WEST. 

New  York, 0,. 

Albany 147..147 

Schenectady, 16. .163 

Amsterdam, 16..  179 

Fonda, 11. .190 

Palatine  Bridge, 11. .201 

Fort  Plain 3. .20-1 

St.  Johnsville, G..210 

Little  Falls, 10..220 

Jlerkimer, 6. .226 

Utica, 15..241 

Home, ...  15. .256 

Syracuse, a8..294 

Oiswceo 35..329 

Rochester, 60..399 

Lnwiston. 82.. 471 

Niagara  Fall?, 7. .478 


150 


TABLES    OF   DISTANCES. 


BT7FFAL0  AND  NIAOABA  FALLS  RAILROAD. 


Buffalo, 0., 

Black   Rock, IL.  3 

(Mierry'H, 'A..  (] 

Toiiiiwanda, 5.-11 

Cayuga  Creek, 0..17 

SclilosHcr, 3..W 

Niu.Tara  Falls, 2..'^-' 


Niusam  Falls,  .......... ....0.. 

Schldssur, 2..  2 

('iiytiir.'i  Creek, ')..  6 

TiiiiawiUHlii, 6..  1 1 

Cherry's, ...... ....... ..-..-. 5, .10 

Ulnik   Rock, 3..19 

Bullalo,  3..22 


NIAGARA  FALLS  AND  NEW  YORK, 
Via  Toronto  and  Cape  Vincent,  by  American  Express  Line. 


I 


3 


EAST. 

Niauara  Falls 0.. 

I.cwisiori, 7..    7 

Toronio 42..  4'.) 

Cape  Vincent, 170-.21'.) 

Chamoiii, ll.-2".() 

Limerick, (j..'j;>() 

Hrowuvillc, 4. .210 

VVatertown, 4.-214 

Ailams  Cfiiire, 10..2r)l 

Adams, 3..2r,7 

Pierrcpoiit  Manor, 5.. 2(12 

Mannsville, 2..2tM 

Sandy  Creek, ;-..2Gl) 

Riciiland, 5. .271 

Alljion, 4. .278 

Kasoasr, 7..2S5 

Willianisiown, 3..2SS 

Camden, 10..2<J8 

McConnclsville, 5..303 

Taberg, 2.-3n:> 

Rome, 11-.316 

Uiica, !r)..331 

Herkimer, ir)..34<l 

Si.  .lohnsville, 10.. 362 

Fonda, 20..3S2 

Amsterdam, 11 -.31)3 

Schenectady, 10.. 409 

Albany 10. .425 

New  York M7..572 


New  York, 0.. 

Albany 147-147 

Schenectady, 10.-103 

Amsterdam, 10..  179 

Fonda, 11  ..190 

St.  .lohnsville 20. .210 

lleikimer, 10. .220 

litica,  15. .241 

Rome, 15. .250 

Taberf.',   11. .207 

Mc(;oinielsvi!le,   2. .269 

Camden, .....     5.. 274 

\Viliiani:jio\vii, ]0..*2S;i 

Kasoai,   3. .2^7 

Albion,     7.-294 

Richland, 4.. 208 

Sandy  Creek, 5.-303 

Mannsville,    5.. 308 

Pierrepont  Manor, 2.  .310 

Adams, 5. .315 

Adams  Center, 3. .318 

Walertovvn, 10.. 328 

Brownvilie, 4..3;J2 

Limerick, 4.. 330 

Chamont, 6.. 342 

Cape  Vincent, J1..353 

Toronto, 170.. 523 

Levviston, 42.  .505 

Niagara  Falls, 7.. 572 


TABLE  8   OF    DISTANCES 


ir>i 


MONHLEAL  AND  (QUEBEC. 


POWN. 

Moiitrral, 0.. 

N'aifiiiiuH, 1')..    1.") 

William   ilciiry, 30..  4.'> 

I-aki;  Si.  I't'ier, S..  W 

S:.  Francis, 30..  St 

Tint;*;  llivurs, 7..  W 

St.  Aiiiio, '>'}  .\i:> 

KiclielKMi  Ka|iicl->, »•  .  i:J.'. 

Capt;  Same, l[)..\:,i> 

Cape  KtiUi^c, 'Z2-ll'2 

Unebuc, 6..1;3U 


IP. 

QiH'hcp, 0. 

Cape   Kiiiiire, S. 

("ape  Saiile, 

Kiclit'lii'd  UiipitN, 

Si.    Aunr, "20. 

....  -i.'.. 

7. 

....  30. 


l.v 


Tliifc   Kivers, 

Si.   Fianci.-',.. . 
l.akf   Si.    INie 

William  Iliiiry, H 

Vareimes, 30 

Womruai, 15 


.  8 
.  30 
.    !."• 

.  'JO 

.  '.»7 

li!7 

.  i;;.") 
.  ir,.-) 

.IbU 


SARATOGA  AND  WHITE  HALL  RAILBOAD. 


Willie  Hall, 0  . 

(Jtimsiock, 7.,  7 

Foil  Ann,.. 4.. 11 

Smiili's  Hasm, r>..I(> 

Diiiilianr.s  I{a«iii, 4.-«20 

Fun  I'Mwanl, 4. .21 

Miircaii, 1..2") 

(Janseviiuii.^, 0..3I 

Suiuloga, 11. .4*2 


Saralnira, 0. 

(Jansevoons, .11.11 

Mtneaii, 0.17 

Fort  EilwanJ, l..ld 

Diinhanr.s  Uasin, 4..ii'2 

Smith's  IJarsiii, 4..*2U 

Fort  Ann, 5. .31 

(;omsio(',k, 4-  -3.> 

White  lluli, 7.-12 


Saratoira  to  Troy, : 'i.'i  miles. 

Saratoga  to  Schuneciady, '22  miles. 


MOl^TREAL   AND   NEW  YOR-K, 

Through  Lake  Champlain. 


GOING  .«!01TH. 

Montreal, 0. 

St.  .Johns '24. 

Rouse's   Point, 24. 

Plahshnr^'h, 2.^5. 

Burlinirinn, 25. 

Ticonilerosa, 58. 

White  Hall, 24. 

Saratoga, .39 

Troy,.t 27 

Albany, 6 

New  York, 147 


.  24 

.  4>^ 
.  73 
.  (IS 
.US 
.180 
.219 
.240 
.2.^-2 
-399 


GOIXG    Nor.Tir. 

New  York, 0.. 

Albany, 147. .147 

Troy, 6..].')3 

Saratoira, 27    180 

White  Hall, ..  39. .219 

Ticonderoga, a}..243 

Uiirlinston, .  .''•H  ..'',01 

Plait.^biir?h, 25  .326 

Rouse's   Point, 2.'). ..3')! 

St.   Johns,   24. .375 

Montreal, 2-1.-399 


152 


TAHLES    OP    DISTANCE fl. 


TICONDEEOGA  TO  SARATOGA, 
Through  Lake  Gcorgo. 

Tironlrrogn, ..     0 

Cal.lwrll, 40 

Suiuiitgii, y7 

Miles, 07 


OGDENSBURGH  AND  BOSTON, 

Via  Vormont  Central  Railrcau. 


i<  i 


EAST. 


iislitirEli,. 


0.. 

H.. 
8 

:{.. 

7  . 

().. 

C. 

2.. 

0.. 

(5.. 

I .. 
r. 


•II 
47 
49 

Gl 

0(» 

9'1 


I.i<l) 

M.i.ln.l 

I'ui-iiiirii,  ... 

Kii.i|i|.'  ■, 

IliMshcr  Fall. 

l,.IWI(llC(!,   .. 

Moir.i, 

ISriisii    Mills, 
Hiiii'jor, 

MilldlKl, 

Miiik 

C'li;iii'ini'iiiy, -  i» 

IvIfiibinL'li, 17.. 

riiazv, «>.. 

iViiifVville, 7..l(i:{ 

MiMir's, ;j..1(m; 

t'liamplaiii. 8. .ill 

Itmi-c'rt    Puiiit, 4   -li-^ 

A  ll.u  I  fTh r. . .  1-2:{ 

Swjinioii, -  H..i;{| 

S:.  AlliiMis,.... in.  Jl! 

<"olrli.;s'er, 2.t..l<;i 

Msscx  .Fiinciidii, 7..1t'.s 

UirliiDdiiil,  O..I77 

VViiiiMhiirv, rL.lOO 

IMoiiip.'iicr, II. .em 

Nt.rilitit'ltl, ID. .'ill 

Uoxixirv, 7. .'-'IS 

Hriiiiiiiro, s._y>jt; 

Soiiili    Hoyallitn, 2ii..M(; 

Whi'c  Ilivcr  Junction, lD..2t;.") 

LebiiMDM, 4.-2(;<) 

rniiaan la.yH'l 

West  Auilover, 19..3()1 

iMunklin, 14. .air. 

r(.nc.(.r(l, 15..;};50 

ISIanctiester, 17-.;<47 

Nashua, 17..2r.4 

Lowell, 14..37S 

Wobnrn, ir)..3'.):? 

Medlonl, r).-:«W 

Boston 5. .403 


WYAX. 

IVision 0. 

Mrdl.M-.!, T). 

Willi  II  I'll, f). 

I.iiwt  :l, I'l. 

Naslnia,    14. 

Miuiclifsicr. 17. 

Cniicitrd, 17. 

Fiaiikliii, ITi. 

West  Aiiilover, II. 

Cauaaii, I!». 

I.cltannii, l.T 

Willie  Uivcr  .Iniiciiim, I. 

Smi  li  Koyaltoii, I'.t. 

Hiaiiiii-ffJ 20. 

Iloxliiiiy, 8. 

Nnrtlilit'lil,   7.. 

Minit|iflii'r, 10. 

Waifiliiiry, II. 

Kii'li  1)11  mil,. V-\.. 

Iv->t'x  .IiiMciion, 0.. 

('DlfiiesK'r,  7. 

Si.  Ailiaii.s 20.. 

SwaiitiMi, JO. 

Alhiirjh, 8. 

Ui)ii.-~e'.s    l»(iiiit, 5. 

( ."  ha  in  I  ilai  n, 4 . 

Mdoro's, 8. 

("•'iitiTville, 3. 

l;liazy, 7. 

I'jIlcnhurL'h, <i. 

(^hateaui^av, 17.. 

IJiirk,....; r,.. 

IMaloiK', 7.. 

Haiiiror C. 

Hrii.-li   Mills, 6.. 

M'lira, 2.. 

Lawrence, C. 

Kraslier  Falls,.. (5.. 

Knapp's, 7.. 

Poisdani, 3.. 

Madrid, 8.. 

Lisbon, 8.. 

O^densburgh, 9.. 


:> 
11/ 


3'.) 

.  m 

73 

1(12 
121 
l:!4 
l.H 

ir.r 

177 

IS.'i 

I'.i2 
2(i2 
213 
22<; 
23;'. 


2.-2 
2so 
2<-) 
2>19 

21)7 
3U) 
:]07 
313 
3.30 
33.-) 

ai2 

348 
354 
3r.6 
3(12 
.3«8 
375 
378 
3-56 
394 
403 


TABLES    OF   DISTANCES. 


15;j 


OODENSBURGH  AND  BOSTON, 
Via  Rutland  and  BurllDgton  Railroad. 


-o 


<'.i 


ti.. 


KAsr. 

O'.'ilciixhiir-li 0 

ll.lllr-t  '.-<      I'llllll. ll>t 

llinlinL'liMi, f-'.l 

Hill.' 1 1) II  nil', () 

(  'lllll'lnlli'.. fi 

I''rirl.-llill:;ll, ■! 

\'fli'nilir«, ('». 

Nt'sv    llivi'ii, f). 

Miiidlrtiiiry 

Sali.'liiii'y, 

\  \'  1 1 1  i  1 1 1  /, r» , 

HlMli'l .  () 

JMn-|..i-,|, N. 

llmi.-iiiil,    •». 

< 'liirriidcill.    0. 

CiimuL' jvilli', 7. 

Mnliiil  Mnlly,. H 

I.ikIImw 7. 

I'r.u'KirsN  illi>, H. 

l>llltn|i:-\i;ii;, 2. 

<Jil<SI'ltS,. 

nic.>icr, 

H.irioii-  vilh', 

U'ickiiiL'liiim, 

Urildws  rails. 

\\u  jHile. 

Wi'siiiiiiii'laritl.. ('», 

Kcciic V.i. 

Tiny 10. 

Fiizwilliam, f). 

Winrlii'iiiii'ii •). 

Si'iiili   Asiihiiniliaiii, S. 

Wi'siiiiiiisitT,. 4. 

Fiiclil)ur;ili, 5. 

LtMiiiiiiisitT, - 4. 

(Jnitdii, 11. 

Si'iilli  Acton...... 10. 

J'diiriiril, .  fi. 

Wiililiam, 10. 

Bo.sion, 10. 


IIS 

ItH 

..i;i 

..I?'.! 

HI 
1-^.1 
I '.I  I 
•Jil 
;o; 
■:\:> 
•Jl- 
'J-J'. 

•Jli 

'J  IS 

•,c.:j 

•.-(it; 

V.'tO 


i)..- 
•1. 

4. 
4. 
C. 
4. 


.■■::7 
.'2<y 

Ms 

.■X\7 

.:{|.-. 

..'M'.t 

..•{.vs 
.vm 
.ri7".i 
:ki 

.3'.»1 
.40-1 


w  i;.s  r. 

Ilii'lnii, .  0. 

Waltliilll, 10 

'■(ilil'iTil, . . .... |0 

Siiiiih  At'inii, 5. 

<«ri'i'>ii.  .... |0. 

I.riiiniii' it'i", . II 

I'll  hiiin-.' 4. 

\Nf  tiiiiii^'iT r» 

Smiih   A-liiiiiriiliam, 4 

W  llii'lirll(i"ll, .... .  H 

I'lizwilliaiii, '.•. 

Troy, .'). 

Ktciit' |0 

NVfsiinoiilfnui, IJ. 

WalpnU',... (1 

IJi'lUuv.-i  Ka'    , 4. 

IJiifkiiiu'liani. , 0 

il-.lllnii.-iVlIk', 4 

Clit'ii'i', 4. 

(i.i.s-ciis, .  4. 

DiiiKieisvilli', ., 5 

l^(ll•llll•^vllit■, -  y. 

i.iidiiiw, -  y 

Moiiiir  I|i)lly,  .._ 7 

('iiltiii'iMVilie, ..  S. 

("laiciiiliiii, 7. 

Kiiiliiiiil, t). 

Piiisl,.r.l, '.I. 

It  ram  li  Ml, ......... H. 

WliiiiiiL', 0. 

Salisbury, .-  T). 

Middliliiiry, V>. 

Now    Haven,. 7. 

Vrru'ciiiK's, ...  r>. 

FL'rri.-linii.', C. 

CliarlotK;, 4. 

Slh-lliiirnc, -  5. 

Uurliiii,'ion (i. 

KiMi.sti'.s    I»()ini, 5(J. 

Ogdeusljurg,  -  — — —.116. 


.  10 
.  -JO 
.  -Ti 

.  :».-. 

If. 
.  :.() 
.  :.:> 
-  M 
.  (17 
.  7ti 
.   SI 

it  I 
.KKJ 

itf.) 
.  Il.t 
.  1 1-> 

\s\ 

.1-7 
.|:M 

I'', 
1  ' : 

"'A 

I  I  -i 

.I.V. 

.!ti:{ 
.  Iti'.» 
.17S 
.|s»; 

.v.n 

.•Jo:{ 

.'jir. 
.y.'jo 

-401 


■)6 
'.2 
IS 
5 

!6 


OSWEGO  AND  SYBAn^l^E  RAILROAD. 


Oswefjo, 0.. 

Fulton, .-1-J..12 

Law  ■oii.'j,  r)..J7 

Hi.idwihflville (>..'2'-\ 

Syracuse, 12.. 3o 


Svriirnfp, .... -  H.. 

naldwinsville, I'i..l2 

l.awsons, Ct.A^ 

Fulton 5.-23 

Oswego, 12. .35 


154 


TABLES    OF    DISTANCES. 


OGDENSBURGH  BAUROAD. 


Osdensburgli, -  0.. 

I.islM.ii, ...' 9..     9 

Mii.iriil, 8..   17 

I'dlMiliiin, S..  2'> 

Kiiiipp's, ;{..  28 

IJruslKT  Fulls, 7..  :r) 

Ijawreiice, . G..  'II 

Miiirii, 6..  47 

llnisii's  Mills, 2..  49 

Uaiiiriir, U..  Tm 

MiilKiie, (')..  01 

lliirk, 7-.  C>^ 

<'liateiuiL'ay, T)..  7.5 

Kil»!iilniru'li, 17..  90 

Clia/.v, C.  9f. 

C'eiii.Tvillo, 7.J(t;{ 

Moore's, y..l()0 

("liamplain, S..1I4 

llouse'a   Puint, 4. -lib 


llniisti's  Poiiii, 0.- 

<"liaiii|)laiii, 4..     4 

Moort!  s H..   1-i 

(■fMiioiville, 15. .   15 

Cliazv, 7..  2-J 

l•;llen■|J^l^^ll,    ('...  28 

(JliatcauL'ay, 17..  45 

Itiirk..... 5..  U) 

Maldiie, 7..  57 

Haii'iur, (')..  i'}3 

lliiisli's  MiilH, (5..  G9 

Muira, 2..  71 

l.awrciici', G..  77 

nra.-li(,T  Falls, G..  Pn 

Kiiapp's, 7..  1.0 

I'ol.saaiii, .'{..  9."1 

Madri.l, 8..1()l 

l.ishon, 8.   im 

OgdeusbuigU, ,  9.. 118 


BUFFALO  AND  CINCINNATI. 


BulTalo,  by  8(canicr  to 

ClevclamI, 190.. 100 

Bei-ea. li.'inJ 

C.'olmnbia, G..yii8 

Katon, 4..t21'i 

(Jraftop, .■{..•JI5 

Welliimtf.n, II. .^'iG 

New  liOiulun, ll..'2:{7 

Siu-lby, 2(t..'r)7 

ll)oiia, H  .275 

OxConl, 19. .',291 

lh!lawarc, 8..:}iii 

Oiaiicc, 7..:J(19 

(Jtiliimbiis 1G..:525 

West  Jellerson, 14..:TO 

I.Dndon, Il..;i5(i 

Xonia, 39.  .'A^) 

Wayiuisville, 14..:{91 

Morrow, II. .408 

Dfcrliold, 5.. 4 13 

Miltoril, 17. .430 

riaitivillo, 5. .435 

Cincimiaii, 10.. 445 


Cincinnati, 0.. 

Plaiiiville, 9..     9 

IMillord, 5-.   14 

DeertifM 18..  32 

Morrow, ... 5..  37 

VVaynesviile, 14..  51 

Xcuia, 14.,  G5 

London, 30..  95 

WoHt  .1  e 111.' rson, 11 . .  K >G 

Columbus, 14..r.20 

Orariiie, 1G..1:>G 

Ditlaware, 7.. 143 

Oxiord, 8.. 151 

Ibrria, 19.. 170 

Slielbv, 18..1SS 

N(!W  i.ondon, 20. 203 

VV.dlin!,non, II. .219 

(Jrafion, n..'j:!0 

Faion, 3. .2:53 

Colurnl)ia, 4-.2;i7 

Ib.iTa, G..213 

Cb'vcland 12. .255 

llullulo,  by  uluuniur, 19U..415 


TABLES     OF    DISTANCES. 


155 


NEW  YOBE  TO  NIAGARA  FAILS, 
Via  Central  Railroad. 


New  York  to 

Alltaiiy,  hy  Hteamhojit, 1-17. .117 

ScImmiltIjuIv, 17..IG1 

Amsterdam. Id..  ISO 

Fmula, .' II..1HI 

Palatine  llriiliio, ll..'J(rJ 

Fort  Plain,..: 3--2(i."i 

St.  Jolmsviile, r)..i>ll 

I.itile  I'alH, l(l..2-Jl 

Ilerkiiiier, 7..'i~'s 

Fraiiklori, H. .;>:{■{ 

riica, '.•-.•J4:-' 

Wiiiicshoro, 4.. 'J  It) 

Uii.skaiiy, '.i..'JA'J 

Uiiiiic,    7..'J.')(j 

Verona  (Jeiitor, 0..*itjr) 

Oiifi.la, 4..'2(;'.» 

("aiiastola, i'..274 

r'liitienaiigo, (L.'JSd 

Manliiis, 7..2.S7 

Svranise, 8..2'.t.') 

M'ari-tHliis, 9..:J(M 

liali  Way, 5..;ju't 

iskanealeies  .Iiiiiciioii, 'J..:UI 

Aiihnrii, ]n..;wi 

Cayiii-'a  llrniiie, 17. ..'{.JS 

Seneca  Falls, .'{..IHI 

Waterloo, 7..3-1S 

Geneva, 

Fast  Vienna, 1.1. .31)1 

(.'anatiilaigiia, '.)...'i7<l 

Vi.-ior, '.I..:57f» 

Pitislbrd, l(»..;Rt 

Roclioster, Kl.-.'Ul'.t 

Cliurcliville, 11.. 4 13 

Heriren, 3.. 4 1(5 

llvron 8..4-J4 

Haiavia, 8..4:i-i 

Alexatitler, S..41() 

Aiiiea, 3.. 4  13 

Darien  City, r»..ll> 

Allien, 7..4.V) 

Town  Line, T).  4G(t 

Lancaster, 5    4<>r» 

Hnllalo, 10.. 47.') 

Niagara  Falls, 22.A'J7 


Niagara  Fallf, 0.. 

IJutialo, tiii..  2a 

Lainas'.rr, 1(1. .  32 

Town  Line, 5..  37 

Allien n..  4?. 

Darien  City, 7..  49 

Aiiira, o..  'A 

Alexaniler, 3..  57 

llatavia, 8..  G5 

IJyron, S..  73 

Heriicn, 8..  81 

Cliiiri-livillc, 3..  H\ 

Koeliestcr, 11..  <KS 

Piitsloril, H»..1(H 

Victor, l(l..li?J 

Cananilaiiina, '.>..IJ7 

Fast  Vienna, 9..I3G 

(iiMieva, 

Waterloo, 13..  110 

Seneca  Falls, 7..\M 

Cayiiira  Uriilo'c, 3..1.V.I 

Anhiirn, 17. .17(1 

Skaneateles  Junction, l()..l,sf» 

Half  Way, 2..l<8 

>iarcelliis, 5  J'.)3 

Syracuse, U..'Jl)2 

Manlins, 8  .21(1 

(.'iliil-niinqo, 7. .217 

raiii'stoia, ()..22;j 

(ineiila, 5.. 228 

Verona  Center, 4.. 232 

Kon\e, •)-.24l 

Oriskany, 7..2H 

Whiieslioro, 3..2.)1 

I'lica 4..2.M 

Franklori, lt..2(Vl 

Herkimer, Ci.  MVi'J 

Little  Falls, 7. .27(5 

St.  Jolnisville, l(>..28(i 

Fort  Plain, ()..2*.t2 

Palatine  IJriilge, 3    2'.t5 

Ponila Il..3(r) 

Amsiuniam 1I..3I7 

Sclienectaily, 10.  .'{;t3 

Albany 17    ['M 

Now  York,  by  steamboat,.  147. .4U7 


15G 


TABLES    OF    DISTANCES. 


WATERTOWN  AND  BOME  RAILROAD. 


Mr.<N'iiiiulsvillL-, f) 


TjiIkt- -J 

Uuiue, 11. 


SI 


C'npo  Vinreiit, 0..      , 

rii.niriKinl, 11.. II  j 

Jjiiicrick (J. .17  1 

llmwiivillf, 4.  -il 

Wiitcrtiiwii, l..'J.') 

AilaiiiH  (Jfiiiie, 1(1..;!.") 

Adiiiiis, IJ..:]"^ 

I'ici  rt'|i'tiit  Miiridr, T)..!.! 

Rl.iimsvillf, 'J..l.'i 

JSiMidy    (^rt.'t'k, 5  ..'jO 

Ilii'liliiiHl, 5.  ..V> 

All)il>ll, '1     .;■)'.( 

KasoiiL'. 7. .00 

Williaiiisiiiwii, ;{..ti'.t 

r:imilrii, Ill     711 


IJkdic,    ().. 

'l^ll»rl■^^ iL.il 

.McCiiiiiiL'l.svilK', 'j..i:« 

• '.iiinii'M, r)..is 

Will  1,1  niHtowii, KL.'JS 

K.isuai: ;{..:!! 

Ailiiciii, 7..MH 

liii'lilaiMl, 4-.4-i 

Sandy  Cri'ck, ri.,47 

M.ililisvillt', f)..;?.] 

IMfnepuiil  .Miiiior, 2..o-\ 

Ada II IS, 5. .  .VJ 

Adams  ( 'flit re, LI..(Vi 

Waiiiitisvii,... 111..  7^ 

lliownvilit', 4. .70 

I, I  in.' Ill- k 4. .SI) 

< 'ha  nil  I'll  it (i.-SO 

Capi;  Viiu'L'iii, 11.. "j7 


NEW  YORK  TO  NIAGARA  FALLS, 
Via  Erie  Railroad. 


New  Viiric, 0.. 

Pii'rmniii 'J."i..  2.") 

C'larksiDwii, S..  ',V.\ 

Siiireius,    'J..  42 

l{am.i|>ii, 2  .  41 

iMoiiroi', ir>,.  f)'.) 

Oxlord, .•{..  Ol' 

riifsu-r, 't\..  0') 

(ioslit'ii, f)..  7il 

Dflawaro, 'J>!..  'IS 

I.ackawaxcM,. L':}..!"-*! 

«'nCll(TI(>n, •-'!>..  14 1 

Di-pnsii, 47..1-'r 

Siisi|mli:iiiiin, !'>.  .il'i'J 

l{iii'jliaiii|)t(iii, 2.1. .2.'') 

Owfuo, 22. .2 17 

Ti.itra, r...2V2 

riuMniiiiir, IS. .27(1 

Klmiia, 1  ;?.«<{ 

C'linniiL', H    .T'l 

(,'aiii.-ti'(i, .'jO..:M7 

II..ni(dlsvill(!, r,..:U2 

Aiidiiver, lO..:!.""-^ 

Genesee, U.  ."107 

Oleaii, 37..4it| 

Alleuanv. 4.    inS 

CaltaraiuMiH, ;?(•.. 4'N 

l)ivi()ii y.  417 

FoiVstville, 14-. 401 

Diiiikiik, S..4i;'.i 

lliKlalo,  l.y  Slate  Line  R.U..4[..r.l(_» 
Magara  Falls, 


22 
6:1 
71 

S5 
•14 


o* 


NiaL'ara  Falls, 0.- 

UiiMiiUi 2'2.. 

Dunkirk,  Ity  St.ite  Line  U.K.I  1 .. 

Fnroivillc, 8,. 

Day  I  (Ml, 14-. 

("aitaraiii-'iis, •».. 

AlloL'aiiy, 3(L.1'>4 

Oleai '--'■'- 

(tciif '■•ro, .'17-  -  M».') 

'  Aiidnvcr 0.    174 

Ifdriirllsville 10..  I '.ID 

Caiiisieo, ."i-Hi.'j 

Ciirniii'.', .'50  .2:!! 

;  lllitiira,. IS. .'Jilt 

I  ('lieiiuiiisr, i:{..202 

j  'I'io-a,  ..' ls..'2-^t 

i  o\vt"_'(), ri..'js.") 

j  Hiiiu'liampKMi, 2".'..;M7 

I  Siisiint'liainia,    2."!     '.'M 

Dcpiisji I.')..r5!."> 

,  Ciiclici-toii. 47..:i'.i2 

l.ackaw.ixen 2<t.  4 ID 

D.'l.iware, 3«.  4:53 

(Jd^hcn,  2S..40I 

I  CllcsliT, r>..4li(i 

!  ()\t(.nl, 3  .40'.) 

M()m-(i(- .•{..473 

Kainapo, l')..4S7 

Siitrcnis. 2..4S'.) 

Ciaiksiowii 0..4'W 

I'ininont,   S..5n7 

'  New  York,- 25.-532 


TABLES    OF   DISTANCES. 


157 


22 
63 
71 

S5 

<n 

.1>4 

.I'iS 

ur. 

174 
.I'.ii) 

I'.ir, 
.2;{i 
.•jr.» 

.•js.-) 

.:M7 

:!:{() 

.:!!."» 

.;!'.i2 

■no 

-j:{3 

.ic.i 

.llKi 

.  I  CO 

172 

■1-7 

A'M 
.5(17 
.5:32 


MICmOAN  CENTRAL  BAIIROAO. 

Di^-<tancc  from  IJutlUlK  to  Dctroii,  (by  sicamer,) QSO  iniica 


Dfiriiii  to 

l>c;ii'1)iini, 10.. 

W.iyiu", 7..  17 

V|'8il.iiiti, IJ..  2'.i 

Ann  Arbor, S..  ;i7 

Dixirr, 111..  17 

C'lit'isca It..  r>i; 

(Jra^sLake, '.»..  r,:> 

Jackscin II ..  7t) 


ru\ 


oy' 


N) 


Alliion, 11..   '.Ml 

IVrusiiall, 12.. Ids 

llaitio  Creek, i:i..l2l 


f'liird'.'o  10 

.luticiiiui, 1.').. 

Siait;  Line, ".I  . 

!,;ikc, lit.. 

INnver,  tj.. 

Michiu'aii  J.'iiv, I(t.. 

N.'W  HuHiilo," Id... 

'l'<!iTe  Ciiiipei;, 1.").. 

Iluclianan, .  »i.. 

Nllf>, r... 

DdW.'iL'iac, 12.. 

De.M'.iir 11 


21 

;u 

Ai) 
.'lO 

m 

7.3 

HI 

>7 

'.•0 

110 


(iiileslinriiii,  .. 

11. 

.i;{.-. 

Kal.iiiia/.iio,... 

s. 

-ll.-! 

I'.iwjiaw, 

17. 

.!»■.(» 

Dci-aiiir, 

..     ..             s 

.  If,s 

Diiwairiac, 

II. 

.I7'.i 

Nilus.. 

12. 

.Ull 

Unrbanan. 

(■). 

.1'I7 

'I'crre  ('iMi|ieo, 

t). 

.2(i:j 

Mi'W  Hiillitlo... 

15 

21S 

Mic.liiiraii  Ciiv, 10..22S 

I'lMier, .' 1()..2:JS 

Lake, (i.-JU 

Siaie  Line, 10..2")1 

JiniciiiMi, ^..^CilS 

ChicuLTo, 15. .27s 


Pawpiiw S..IIS 

Ka  iniiizno, 17.  .i:c» 

<;alesl)nri;li,   S..113 

llaitle  Creek, II  .157 

Marshall, i:{  .l7() 

Albion. ...l'J..l>2 

(Jiiiifv'p, il..i'i:{ 

.larks'on, •I..2'i2 

(Jrass  i,;ike, 11.  213 

ClielHtM, <t    .2.-'2 

l)e.\ier,    '.»..2:il 

Ann  Aibor, 10. .211 

Vp-^ilanli, H..2t'.» 

Wiiyne, 12. .21. 1 

Deiirbnni, --.  7.  .JtiS 

Deiriiit, 10..27S 


Two  trains  of  cars  Irave  C'liiraeo  daily,  (Sundays  r.XiTptrd.)  for  !)•'- 
troit,  conneclin'-' will)  tin- steamers  of  the  line,  ruiDiiin;  ilim-t  thnimshy 
irilhmtl  Innilina.  \o  llnllalo;  iiinl  also  the  iliirtu'enl  lini-s  of  sicanu-rs  In 
Dunkirk,  Cleveland,  iinil  Sandusky.  P.issen'jers  leaviu",  CliicaL'o  by  tin; 
Kxprcss  Tiuiu  ul  iiiglil,  connect  at  Detroit  with  t!ie  imrili  .shore  bowi.s  for 
liiHliilo. 

Two  train?)  of  rars  leavo  Detroit, — the  Express  Train  on  tlie  arrival  of 
the  north  shore  boiits  froir)  Ihillalo,  in  the  alternoon,  to  L'|iicn'_\t;  anil 
the  Mail  Train,  in  the  inorniiiL'. 

A  One  of  stcaiiKM's  connect  at  '"'hirairo  with  the  road,  for  Milwaukee, 
Kenosha,  Racine,  VVauke;,'an,  Slieboy.'an,  and  other  p'nls  on  Lake 
Michi'.'an. 

St!it,'es  run  from  Battle  Crrrk  ami  Kalamazoo  to  (Irand  Rapids  ;  Vji-j- 
lanti  to  Adrian  ;  Dexter  to  M.i-^on  ;  .lackson  to  .lonesville  aiid  L.msnii:, 
the  capital  of  ihn  siaio  ;  Marshall  lo  Coldwater;  Nilcs  to  Ln;,'anspori, 
Ind.:    I)exter  to  Howell. 

Boats  leave  the  .Mirlii'.'an  Central  Railroad  Wharf,  Buffalo,  every 
rvenini:,  for  Detroit,  on  the  arrival  of  the  E.viuess  Train  from  AkhaiiV. 
Tht!  line  consists  of  the  ^■tealllt!rs 

MAYFLOWER, Capt.  oriO.  WILLOl  (iHBV. 

ATLANTIC, Capt.  J.  B.  I'EII  KV. 

OCEAN, Capt.  D.  H.  McllRIDE. 

J.  MOVirr.,  AoE.Nr,  BufTalo. 


158 


TABLES    OF   DISTANCES. 


Monroe  Pier  to 

M'lriioe  (^iiv, HJ.. 

Ma, : 9^.. 

I'tiershiiig, ^  7  .. 

Dcortickl,.' 4  .. 

Palmyra, 5  .. 

Adriiui, 7|i-. 

Clayldii, II    .. 

Hiidsdii, r>j.. 

Piiislorcl, 7  — 

Ospoo, 4   -. 


13 

'Ji» 
21 

47i 
5:} 

Gl 


HICHIOAN  SOUTHERN  BAILROAD. 

Dislanrc  from  Hntlalo  to  Monroe,  (liy  Htoamer,) ..240 

Disluiice  from   IJulJaio  lo  Toledo,  (by  Pteuiiicr,) 2o0 

Chicazo, 0  . 

liidiaiia  West  Line. II  , 

H.iiley  Town  Jniiciion,  ..2(» 

(^ilninel, 5  , 

Holmes, 8  . 

La  Pane, 10  . 

Terre  Coupee, 1  Ij 

South  Menii, 11^ 

Masliawaka, 4 

Mlkharl, 11 

Ilri.-to!,.. •[ 

<'oiisiaiitiiie, 0 

Wliite  Pij:con, 4 

SturL'is, 12 

Mnrr  Oak, (> 

Hronson, 7 

IJrancli, 8 

Coldwater, 2^ 

Uuincy, (J.^ 

Allen's, :j 

.lonesvi  lie, >^i 

Hillsdale, 5 

Osseo .".i 

Piiisford, 4 

Hudson, 7 

Clayton, "4 

Adrian, II 

I'almvra .  7i 


niilP3. 
niiluy. 


Hillsdale, r,i..  6!!^ 

•lonesville, 5  ..  71A 

s:5 

St', 


Allen's, 8i.. 

linincy, ;{  .. 

C^old  water, 0.^. . 

Branch, 2^.. 

Bronson H  ..103 

Bnrr  Oak, 7  -.110 

Stiirais. ()  ..11(5 

While  PiL'eon, 12  ..PiS 

Consianline, 4  ..132 

Bristol, G  ..UN 

Elkhart 9  ..117 

Mishawaka, 11  ..l.'v-^ 

South  Bend, 4  ..iC-' 

Terre  Coupee, Ili..l73.] 

La  Pi.rte, ll^.-lss 

Holmes, 10  ..I'.H 

Calumet, 8  ..200 

Bailev  Ti>wn  .lunetion,  ..  o  ..211 

Indiana  Wesi  Line, 20  ..237 

Chicago, U  ..248 


Deertleld, 5 

Petersljunr, 4 

Ida, 7 

Monroe  Ciiy, l>i 

Monroe  Pier, . 3i 


.  37 
.  42 
.  50 
.  (•)() 
-  74  i 
.  80 
.  '.»() 
.101 
.110 
.110 
.  120 
.132 
.138 
.14.'. 
.ir.3 

.ir.di 

.102 
.10.-, 
.173^ 
.17 
.HI 
..18S 
.P.».-. 
.2<30i- 

2  111 
.221 
.228 

.235 


Si 


Dist.Tnce  from  BnlTitlo  to  Chicaco,  via  Monroe, 485 

Distance  Ironi  Biill'alo  to  Chicago,  via  Toledo, 495 


2111 
-  --'  "11 

..248 

miles, 
miles. 


The  hoats  of  the  Mirhisan  Southern  Railroad  Co.,  Icavp  the  foot  of 
Commercial  street,  nulliilo,  daily,  after  the  arrival  of  the  Kveniii?  Kx- 
press  Train  Iroin  Albany.  The  line  is  composoil  of  three  lirst  clas^i 
eieamers : 

EMPIRE   STATE, Capt.  II.  VAN  ALLEN. 

NORTHERN  INDIANA. Capt.  R.  WAC.STAFF. 

SOUTHERN  MICHIGAN, Capt.  A.  D.  PERKINS. 

II.  M.  KINNE,  Agbnt, 
Michigan  Southrrn  Railroad  Dock,  foot  of  Commercial  street. 


.\:si 


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